HF HSI

1
HF ? HSI ?!?

• Julie M. Stark, Ph.D.
• Jennifer McGovern Narkevicus, Ph.D.
• Technical Society/ Industry SubTAG
• DoD HFETAG 57 May 2007

2
HF ? HSI ? HP ? HPI ?UCD ? HCI Why We Care

• A Perspective from
• Two Human Factors Guys

3
Questions to Ponder

• Do users of these terms know the difference and
  should we care?
• Does clarification of these differences enable us
  to do our jobs better?
• Does better distinction about HF/ HSI allow
  others (e.g., PMs, end-users, etc.) to better
  receive what we do?
• Does better distinction between HF/ HSI affect
  the funding?
• What makes an HSI Guy?

4
Pondering Q1 Do users of these terms know the
difference and do they care?

• Executive Decision Makers
• Program Managers, Resource Sponsors
• HF and HSI practitioners (especially non-HF HSI
  practitioners)
• Operational folks/ end users/ warfighters

5
Pondering Q1

• Do users of these terms know the difference and
  do they care?
• Executive Decision Makers
• Not likely to know the difference and less likely
  to care
• Program Managers, Ex
• Know the difference and care most how it affects
  program development, program success, and
  inevitably funding
• Must Get er Done
• HF and HSI Practitioners
• Know the difference and care insofar as if
  affects ability to do job
• Call it whatever you want just let me do my job
• Operational Folks
• Dont know, dont care
• Just make my job better!

6
Human Factors Definitions

• MIL-HDBK-1908B (1999) A body of scientific
  facts about human characteristics. The term
  covers all biomedical and psychosocial
  considerations it includes, but is not limited
  to, principles and duplications in the areas of
  human engineering, personnel selection, training,
  life support, job performance aids, and human
  performance evaluation.

7
Brief history of HF
8
Human Factors

• Scientific approach to system definition, design,
  development, and systematic evaluation to
  optimize the performance of human-machine systems
  
• Often concerned with reducing human error
• Improve task performance
• Traditionally work very closely with other
  domains (especially Training, System Safety,
  Habitability)

9
HSI Definition

• DoD 5000
• Booher (2003 HSI is new discipline aimed to move
  business and engineering cultures toward a more
  people-technology orientationaimed at
  integrating human factors into engineering
  systems in order to achieve important cost and
  performance benefits. Cultural change from
  organizational leadership is pivotal for HSI to
  be successful.

10
NASA HSI Definition

• From NASA Ames HSI Page
• Human Systems Integration is an umbrella term
  for several areas of "human factors" research
  that include human performance, technology
  design, and human-computer interaction. The study
  of Human Systems Integration at NASA Ames
  Research Center focuses on the need for safe,
  efficient and cost-effective operations,
  maintenance and training, both in space, in
  flight and on the ground.

11
HSI Domains

• Human Factors, Human Factors Engineering
• Manpower
• Personnel
• Training
• System Safety Environmental Safety,, Occupational
  Safety
• Health, Medical Hazards
• Survivability
• Habitability
• Domain names are a function of the
  organizational structure.

12
Human Systems Integration

• Navy Definitions
• Army Definitions
• Air Force Definitions
• NASA Definitions
• Other Definitions

13
Human Systems Integration

• Comprehensive management and technical approach
  that integrates two or more domains to ensure
  that the design, development, maintainability to
  optimize system performance at an acceptable life
  cycle cost.

• ALL HSI Definitions
• The importance is on the INTEGRATION
• Collaborative efforts of multiple domains make
  HSI unique from HF

14
HFETAG Meeting 57 Theme

• Reducing Risk Through Collaboration
• Collaboration amongst multidisciplinary teams
• Importance of multi-service collaboration
• Collaboration between government, academia, and
  industry partners to develop the lowest cost,
  timely information exchange

15
Challenges for Collaboration

• Funding issues
• Tight Schedules
• Not-so-common goals and trade-offs
• Difficult to plan and manage
• Even more challenges for LVC-type collaborations
  (e.g., NCW, C2, etc.)

16
How do we Avoid the Synergistic Waste of Time

• Leverage what is working
• Improve lines of communication through this type
  of discussion to better understand HF/ HSI
  distinctions

17
HF/ HSI Semantic Distinctions

• HF
• Discipline/ Field
• Science based
• Specific Issues
• Focus User

• HSI
• Approach
• Policy based
• Broad Issues
• Focus Trade-offs

Do we care about semantic differences or should
we just GET er DONE???
18
Education, Training, Certification Differences

• Human Factors
• Established academic programs (BS., MS., Ph.D.)
• Industry and DoD certifications (e.g., CPHFE)
• Academic, Industry, and Govt training
• HSI
• Newly established academic classes programs
  (B.S., M.S.)
• Industry and Govt training
• Govt certifications on the horizon

19
What makes an HF Guy?

• Traditionally degrees in Industrial Engineering
  and Experimental or Cognitive Psychology More
  recent degrees in Human Factors (often joint
  program efforts between Engineering and
  Psychology)
• Address specific HF issues

20
What makes an HSI Guy?

• What makes an HSI person?
• Extensive knowledge in one domain that does not
  interact with other domains.
• Extensive knowledge in one domain that interacts
  with other domains.
• Knowledge and interactions with 2 or more
  domains.
• Knowledge of all domains.

21
Why HF/ HSI are Becoming Synonymous

• HF folks typically have some level of knowledge
  of multiple HSI domains
• HF folks typically interface frequently with
  experts from other domains
• HF folks come from a variety of education and
  background

• Are HF folks more prepared to understand of
  importance of integrating smartly with other
  domains?

22
Do we need to specify the difference between HF
HSI?

• Very different responses about this issue
  presented in plenary (inter and intra service
  differences too).
• Broad range of responses about this issue from
  attendees of this meeting

23
When They Refer to HF Efforts as HSI?

• Should we clarify HF/ HSI distinction
• Sometimes
• to avoid confusion about effort
• clarify goals
• Expectation check
• Could this mitigate the fall out from all the
  people saying they are doing HSI that really
  are not

24
Take Away Discussion Points

• If we use these terms more accurately would it
  reduce the number of people incorrectly claiming
  to do HSI?

25
HF ? HSI ? HP ? HPI ? UCD ? HCI?!?

• Julie M. Stark, Ph.D.
• Jennifer McGovern Narkevicus, Ph.D.
• Technical Society/ Industry SubTAG
• DoD HFETAG 57 May 2007