Animal Science II Small Animal

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Animal Science II- Small Animal

• Unit C- The Small Animal Care Industry

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Competency 6.00

• Interpret the status of the small animal industry
  today.

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Objective

• Explain how the small animal care industry is
  important to society

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Assignment

• Title your notes today Small Animal Industry
• Brainstorm how the Small Animal Industry can
  benefit society in general. Put a few of your
  own ideas in you notebook.

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Benefits of Small Animals

• Economic
• 32 billion to national economy
• Companions to 60 of American Families
• Children learn responsibility
• Improves quality of life for elderly
• Product testing
• Develop drugs and vaccines

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Benefits of Small Animals

• Pet therapy
• Relieve depression
• Reduces heart disease
• Watch dogs, seeing eye dogs
• Rabbit meat
• Low in cholesterol, sodium and fat
• Fur and wool

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Benefits of Small Animals

• Exhibition
• Rabbits provide multiple benefits
• Pets
• Food
• Clothing
• Research

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Economics

• Retail pet stores
• 21 billion in sales
• Biomedical research
• Supported by 15 million in taxes
• 65-100 million small animals
• Education
• 6 million used for dissection

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Economics

• 4 million small animals used in the LD50 test
• Americans spending on pets
• 20.3 billion

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Economics

• Veterinary expenses
• 11 billion annually
• Dogs cost twice as much as cats
• Pet food sales
• 9 billion

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Pet Ownership- Dogs

• There are approximately 65 million owned dogs in
  the United States
  
• Most owners (65) own one dog
• 33 of owners own two dogs
• 12 of owners own three or more dogs
• Slightly more male dogs are owned than female
  dogs
  
• Eighteen percent of owned dogs were adopted from
  an animal shelter
  
• On average, dog owners spent 263 on veterinary
  related expenses in the past 12 months
  
• Seventy-two percent of owned dogs are spayed or
  neutered

Source American Pet Products Manufacturers
Association (APPMA) 2003-2004 National Pet Owners
Survey
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Pet Ownership- Cats

• Approximately 77.6 million owned cats in the
  United States
  
• 34 of U.S. households own at least one cat
• On average, owners have two cats (2.2)
• Slightly more female cats are owned than male
  cats
  
• 16 of owned cats were adopted from an animal
  shelter
  
• Cat owners spent an average of 113 on veterinary
  related expenses in the past 12 months
  
• Eighty-four percent of owned cats are spayed or
  neutered

Source American Pet Products Manufacturers
Association (APPMA) 2003-2004 National Pet Owners
Survey
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Dogs, Cats The Rest

• There are 7 million more cats than dogs
• Most cat owners average two cats
• Dogs are found in more households than cats
• Fish
• Birds
• Rabbits

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Objective

• Discuss the skills needed for employment in the
  small animal industry

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Job Types

• Care and management industry
• Pets
• Lab animals
• Zoo animals
• Health
• Training
• Food and equipment supply

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Job Types

• Pharmaceutical and biotechnology research
• Hospitals
• Universities
• Labs
• Private firms

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Job Types

• Exhibitors
• Operates animals acts
• Carnivals
• Circus
• Fairs (Cleveland County Fair)
• Zoo
• Marine mammal displays

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Care and Management Jobs

• Pet care worker
• Boarding kennels
• Animal hospitals
• Shelters
• Pet stores
• Training schools
• Pet grooming parlors

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Care and Management Jobs

• Kennel attendants
• Feeds and cares for animals
• Cleans
• Animal groomers
• Bathes, brushes trims hair and nails
• Dog trainers
• Teaches the dog to obey signals or commands

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Care and Management Jobs

• Small Animal Breeders
• Raises markets fur-bearing animals
• Usually specialized for one breed
• Pet shop owners and managers
• Dealers
• Sell lab animals
• Research
• education

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Care and Management Jobs

• Veterinarians (DVM)
• Control animal injuries and disease
• Disease prevention
• Inspection
• Meat and animals products
• Surgery
• Establish diets
• Prescribe medications

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Care and Management Jobs

• Vet. Technicians
• Assist veterinarians and other staff
• Skills needed
• Previous experience as a keeper
• Part-time volunteer work
• Shelters
• Pet shops
• clinics

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Objective

• Discuss medical terminology used by those working
  in the veterinarian phase of the small animal
  care industry

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Medical Terminology

• Components of medical terminology
• Prefix
• Beginning of the word indicating
• Number
• Location
• Time
• Status
• Root words
• Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of a
  word

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Medical Terminology

• Suffixes
• Word part at the end of a word indicating
• Procedure
• Condition
• Disease
• Disorder

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Medical Prefixes

• a-, an- without, lack of
• Anemia- without blood
• anti- against, opposing
• Antiseptic- against infection
• bi- two, double, twice
• Bilateral- two sides
• dys- painful, difficult, abnormal
• Dysentery- abnormal infection of the colon
• pre- before
• Preoperative- before surgery

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Medical Root Words

• carp
• wrist
• carpel- pertaining to the wrist
• cardi
• heart
• cardiology- study of the heart
• dors
• back
• dorsal- relating to the back

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Medical Root Words

• dent, odont
• teeth
• dentist- person who works with teeth
• Gastr
• stomach
• gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach
• Gingiv
• gums
• gingivitis- inflammation of the gums
• phleb, ven
• vein
• phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins

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Medical Suffixes

• algia
• Pain
• arthralgia- painful joints
• centesis
• Procedure to remove fluid
• Cytocentesis- removing fluid from the bladder
• itis
• inflammation
• bronchitis
• rrhea
• Flow or discharge
• diarrhea

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Positional Terminology

• Ventral
• Cranial
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Dorsal
• Caudal
• Dorsal (frontal) plane
• Transversal plane

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Positional Terminology
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Positional Terminology
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Positional Terminology
Dorsal (frontal) plane
Transversal plane
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Positional Terminology
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Positional Terminology

• Visit the following website to view a Virtual Cat
  Dissection
  
• External Anatomy Link
•  
• http//bio.bd.psu.edu/cat/index.htm

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General Terminology

• Antisepsis
• Biopsy
• Catheterization
• Clutch

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General Terminology

• Colostrum
• Contact transmission
• Endogenous
• Exogenous
• Incubation

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General Terminology

• Infectious disease
• Pocket pets
• Preventative health care programs
• Quarantine
• Spaying
• Neutering

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Objective

• Summarize animal rights and animal welfare

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Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
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Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare
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Animal Welfare Legislation

• 1641 The Bodies of Liberty
• 1st law to protect farm animals
• 1st anticruelty act passed
• 1828
• New York Legislature
• 1866- American Society for the Prevention of
  Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) formed

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Animal Welfare Legislation

• 1906- Animal Transportation Act
• 1958- Humane Slaughter Act
• 1966- Laboratory Animal Welfare Act
• 1976- Horse Protection Act

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The Vote?

• Do animals have rights?
• Should animals be used for food?
• Should animals be used for experimentation?
• Should hunting and trapping of animals be allowed?

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Assignment Option 1

• On a clean sheet of paper
• Prepare an editorial for the local news paper
  outlining your position on one of the previous
  questions
  
• You should use appropriate grammar and spelling
  for a public response
  
• Once you finish your rough draft, type your final
  response in a 12 point font
  
• Your editorial should be one page in length

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Assignment Option 2

• On a clean sheet of paper
• Prepare a short speech that may be given at a
  public forum or town hall meeting.
  
• Your speech should use the format taught in class
  and should outline your position on one of the
  previous questions
  
• Your speech must be given in class and it must
  last at least 2 minutes

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Objective

• Discuss techniques and risk involved when working
  with small animals

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Zoonoses

• A disease that can be transmitted from animals to
  humans
  
• Example Rabies

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Rabies

• A viral disease
• Affects the nervous system
• Contracted by
• Bites
• Scratches
• Saliva

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Rabies

• Immunization is recommended when in doubt
• Children five to nine receive the most animals
  bites
  
• 5 report bites
• More than measles, mumps, chicken pox, and
  whooping cough
  
• Most domestic animals are not infected if
  vaccinated regularly

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Rabies

• First Aid
• Wash the affected area
• Use soap and water
• Tetanus shot
• If booster has not been received in 5 years
• Worker protection
• 3 intradermal injections over three weeks
• 2 intramuscular injections if exposed

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Toxoplasmosis

• Disease from Toxoplasma gondii parasite
• Usually carried by cats
• Infected by ingesting contaminated mice
• Spread by
• Cat feces
• Contaminated cat litter
• Affects those with suppressed immune system

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Toxoplasmosis

• Symptoms
• Fever
• Headache
• Swollen lymph glands
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Congestion
• Loss of appetite
• Rash

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Toxoplasmosis

• Concern for pregnant women
• Miscarriage
• Premature babies
• Blindness in babies
• Prevention
• Disposable gloves when cleaning litter box
• Thoroughly washing hands
• Get a dog instead!

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Ringworm

• Fungal disease
• Skin lesion
• Round
• Scaly and encrusted
• Loss of hair at site
• Spread by direct contact
• Indirectly by equipment
• Treatment
• Iodine soap or antifungal drugs

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Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)

• Contracted by caged birds of the Psittacosis
  family
  
• Transmitted through feces and fecal dust
• Bacteria
• Prevention
• Wear dust mask
• Eliminating mites and lice
• Spraying disinfectants

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Psittacosis (Parrot Fever)

• Symptoms
• Coughing
• Chest pains
• Fever
• Chills
• Weakness
• Vomiting
• Muscular pain
• Antibiotics used as treatment

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Cat-scratch fever

• Non-serious
• Cat bites and scratches
• Symptoms
• Localized swelling and soreness
• Treated with antibiotics
• Affected area may be slow to heal

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Cat-scratch fever
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Samonellosis

• Caused by the Salmonella bacteria
• Children and elderly most at risk
• Symptoms appear 12-72hrs after infection
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea for 4-7 days
• Pet turtles and reptiles
• Most likely to infect humans

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Streptococcal

• Bacteria
• Results in sore throat
• Can be transmitted by dogs
• Treated with penicillin

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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

• Cause coagulation of the blood
• Fever
• Headaches
• Nausea Vomiting
• Skin rash
• Death if not treated
• Primarily passed by the American dig tick
• 6 other species can carry the disease

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Lyme Disease

• First case in 1969 in Wisconsin
• Named in 1977
• Lyme Connecticut
• Children developed arthritic condition
• Bacterial disease (Borrelia burgdurferi)
• Distinctive skin lesion 3-32 days

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Lyme Disease

• Flu like symptoms
• Painful joints
• Fatigue may last for months
• Can damage internal organs without treatment
  Antibiotics used as treatment
  
• Tetracycline (adults)
• Amoxicillin (children)
• Vaccines can be administered

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Parasites

• Gain subsistence from a host organism
• Ticks
• Seven species carry Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
• Five species carry Lyme disease

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Parasites

• Ascarids (Toxocara species) Hookworms
• Affect dogs and cats
• May be passed to humans
• Fever
• Headache
• De-worming cats and dogs most effective
  preventative method

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Parasites

• Tapeworm
• Echinococcus granuosus
• CA, UT, AZ, NM
• Echinococcus multilocularus
• Located in upper Midwest (cool climate)
• Occasionally carried by dogs and cats
• Alveolar Hydatid Disease (AHD)
• Rare
• Potentially fatal (50-70)
• Parasitic tumors of the liver
• May go unnoticed for years
• Avoid hand to mouth contact

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Tapeworm
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Life Cycle of AHD
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Safety

• Assignment
• Read page 21 in your textbook
• Know the 13 safety guidelines for working in the
  small animals industry