Illegal and Legal Immigration

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Illegal (and Legal) Immigration Mexico (and other
LatAm Cases)
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Source http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/cont
ent/graphic/2006/05/16/GR2006051600109.html
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Fencing

• Currently 125 miles of fence (of various types).
• 700 total miles have been approvedhalf physical,
  half electronic in nature.
• Note Skerry and the inconsistent nature of the
  fencing to date.
• Problems with a fence near the Rio Grande and
  access to land.

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Tunnels

• In January of 2007, the Los Angeles Times
  reported
• Seven of the largest tunnels discovered under
  the U.S.-Mexico border in recent years have yet
  to be filled in, authorities said, raising
  concerns because smugglers have tried to reuse
  such passages before. Among the unfilled tunnels,
  created to ferry people and drugs, is the longest
  one yet found extending nearly half a mile from
  San Diego to Tijuana.
• Though concrete plugs usually close off the
  tunnels where they cross under the border and at
  main entrance and exit points, the areas in
  between remain largely intact. Filling the seven
  tunnels would cost about 2.7 million, according
  to U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials.
  Accessing tunnels that run under private property
  is also a problem, as is a lack of coordination
  with Mexican authorities.

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Examples of Unfilled Tunnels

• The so-called Grande Tunnel connecting warehouses
  in San Diego and Tijuana. Nearly half a mile
  long, the tunnel was discovered in January 2006
  and attracted global media attention as well as
  groups of local and national politicians, who
  were given tours of its cave-like depths. The
  tunnel prompted Feinstein to propose legislation
  outlawing the construction of tunnels under the
  border.
• The 1,400-foot tunnel called the Taj Mahal
  because of its lighting system and reinforced
  concrete walls. The tunnel was discovered in
  1993. Five years later, authorities suspected the
  passage had been reentered after 33 illegal
  immigrants were found covered in mud near the
  opening. A metal lid over the tunnel opening had
  been cut. Border Patrol agents say they never
  determined for sure if the passage was reused.
• Two long tunnels leading from Mexicali, Mexico,
  to a quiet residential area in Calexico, Calif.
  One of them, discovered in 2005, was equipped
  with a ventilation system, phone line and video
  surveillance equipment.

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US-CANADIAN TUNNEL

• This photo provided by the U.S. Drug Enforcement
  Administration shows the interior of the 360-foot
  tunnel built with an estimated 1,000 2-by-6-foot
  wooden supports and rebar.

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• Authorities say the tunnel runs from the Quonset
  hut at right, in Canada, beneath the border the
  median between the two roads to an abandoned
  home on U.S. soil, just outside the left edge of
  this frame. Seismographic technology was used
  during the investigation.
• Authorities say the 360-foot smuggling tunnel
  exits inside this home about a quarter-mile east
  of the Aldergrove/Lynden border-crossing station.

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Tijuana-Otay Mesa, CA Tunnel

• The 2,400-foot-long tunnel runs from a warehouse
  near Tijuana's airport to this Otay Mesa
  warehouse.
• The tunnel runsthrough sandstone and compacted
  sand and is equipped with lighting, ventilation
  and groundwater drainage systems.

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Cuban-Americans
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Huntington

• What is Huntingtons civilization thesis and
  how does it inform this article?
• Is America a creedal nation, and what does that
  mean?
• The nativism issue.

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Huntington His Definition of the Problem

• Contiguity
• Scale
• Illegality
• Regional Concentration
• Historical Presence

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Drezners Response

• The cycle of response to immigrants (e.g.,
  Franklin and the Germans, Schlesinger and the
  Southern Eastern Europeans).
• 19th Century immigrant also maintained ties to
  the mother country.
• Dispersal of immigrant greater now than in the
  past
• Language
• 5 of first generation immigrants spoke
  English-only at home.
• 30 of second gen
• 60 of third.
• Religion, hispanics and the US.

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Citrin, et al., Testing Huntington
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• Attitudes on language http//pewhispanic.org/fil
  es/factsheets/20.pdf
• Cuban-Americans http//pewhispanic.org/files/fac
  tsheets/23.pdf
• Hispanics at mid-decade http//pewhispanic.org/r
  eports/middecade/
• Modes of entry http//pewhispanic.org/files/fact
  sheets/19.pdf
• Most Unauthorized chart http//pewhispanic.org/
  files/factsheets/15.pdf
• Otay Mesa tunnel http//www.signonsandiego.com/n
  ews/mexico/tijuana/20060127-9999-1n27tunnel.html
  and http//www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/200601
  26/news_7n26tunnel.html
• Unfilled tunnels The LAT, January 2007
  Unfilled tunnels a weak link at border
• US-Canada tunnel http//seattletimes.nwsource.com
  /html/politics/2002395422_tunnel22m.html
• http//pewhispanic.org/files/reports/112.pdf
• http//pewhispanic.org/files/reports/107.pdf

• Attitudes on language http//pewhispanic.org/fil
  es/factsheets/20.pdf
• Cuban-Americans http//pewhispanic.org/files/fac
  tsheets/23.pdf
• Hispanics at mid-decade http//pewhispanic.org/r
  eports/middecade/
• Modes of entry http//pewhispanic.org/files/fact
  sheets/19.pdf
• Most Unauthorized chart http//pewhispanic.org/
  files/factsheets/15.pdf
• Otay Mesa tunnel http//www.signonsandiego.com/n
  ews/mexico/tijuana/20060127-9999-1n27tunnel.html
  and http//www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/200601
  26/news_7n26tunnel.html
• Unfilled tunnels The LAT, January 2007
  Unfilled tunnels a weak link at border
• US-Canada tunnel http//seattletimes.nwsource.com
  /html/politics/2002395422_tunnel22m.html
• http//pewhispanic.org/files/reports/112.pdf
• http//pewhispanic.org/files/reports/107.pdf