Acids and bases

1
Acids and bases

• Properties

2
Acids Properties

• Have sour taste
• Change colors of acid-base indicators
• Some acids react with active metals to release
  hydrogen gas.
• Acids bases ? salts water
• Some acids conduct electric current

3
Acid Nomenclature

• A binary acid is an acid that contains two
  different elements hydrogen and one of the more
  electronegative elements
• Examples HF, HCl, HBr, HI
• Binary acid nomenclature
• The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix
  Hydro-.
• The root of the name of the second element
  follows this prefix.
• The name ends with the suffix ic.

4
An Oxyacid is an acid that is a compound of H, O,
and third element usually a nonmetal.

• Common Oxyacids
• CH3COOH acetic acid
• HNO3 Nitric acid
• H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
• H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid
• H2CO3 Carbonic acid

5
Bases Properties

• Bases taste bitter
• Change color of acid-base indicators
• Feel slippery
• Base acid ? salts water
• Conduct electric current
• Common bases NaOH, KOH, LiOH, NH4OH

6
Arrhenius Acids and Bases

• An Arrhenius acid is a chemical compound that
  increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H,
  in an aqueous solution.
• An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases
  the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, in an
  aqueous solution.

7
pH scale

• If the pH is between 0 and less than 7 then the
  solution is acidic
• If the pH is greater than 7 but less than or
  equal to 14, then the solutions is basic.
• Use the scale on page 494 in order to determine
  pH (acidity or basicity) of a few aqueous
  solutions. We will be using universal indicator
  to determine pH range.