Naming Compounds

1
Chapter 6

• Naming Compounds
• Writing Formulas

2
Systematic Naming

• There are too many compounds to remember the
  names of them all.
• Compound is made of two or more elements.
• Put together atoms.
• Name should tell us how many and what type of
  atoms.

3
Periodic Table

• More than a list of elements.
• Put in columns because of similar properties.
• Each column is called a group.

4
Representative elements
1A
0
5A
7A
2A
3A
4A
6A

• The group A elements

5
Metals
6
Transition metals

• The Group B elements

7
Non-metals
8
Metalloids or Semimetals
9
Atoms and ions

• Atoms are electrically neutral.
• Same number of protons and electrons.
• Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a
  charge.
• Different numbers of protons and electrons.
• Only electrons can move.
• Gain or lose electrons.

10
Anion

• A negative ion.
• Has gained electrons.
• Non metals can gain electrons.
• Charge is written as a super script on the right.

F-1
Has gained one electron
O-2
Has gained two electrons
11
Cations

• Positive ions.
• Formed by losing electrons.
• More protons than electrons.
• Metals form cations.

K1
Has lost one electron
Ca2
Has lost two electrons
12
Compounds

• Follow the Law of Definite Proportion.
• Have a constant composition.
• Have to add the same number of atoms every time.
• Two types.

13
Two Types of Compounds

• Molecular compounds
• Made of molecules.
• Made by joining nonmetal atoms together into
  molecules.

14
Two Types of Compounds

• Ionic Compounds
• Made of cations and anions.
• Metals and nonmetals.
• The electrons lost by the cation are gained by
  the anion.
• The cation and anions surround each other.
• Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.

15
Two Types of Compounds
Ionic
Molecular
Smallest piece
Formula Unit
Molecule
Types of elements
Metal and Nonmetal
Nonmetals
Solid, liquid or gas
State
solid
Melting Point
High gt300ºC
Low lt300ºC
16
Chemical Formulas

• Shows the kind and number of atoms in the
  smallest piece of a substance.
• Molecular formula- number and kinds of atoms in a
  molecule.
• CO2
• C6H12O6

17
Formula Unit

• The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an
  ionic compound.
• Ions surround each other so you cant say which
  is hooked to which. (pg 91)

18
Charges on ions

• For most of the Group A elements, the Periodic
  Table can tell what kind of ion they will form
  from their location.
• Elements in the same group have similar
  properties.
• Including the charge when they are ions.

19
1
2
3
-3
-2
-1
20
What about the others?

• We have to figure those out some other way.
• More on this later.

21
Naming ions

• We will use the systematic way.
• Cation- if the charge is always the same (Group
  A) just write the name of the metal.
• Transition metals can have more than one type of
  charge.
• Indicate the charge with roman numerals in
  parenthesis.

22
Name these

• Na1
• Ca2
• Al3
• Fe3
• Fe2
• Pb2
• Li1

23
Name these

• Na1 sodium
• Ca2 calcium
• Al3 aluminum
• Fe3 iron (III)
• Fe2 iron (II)
• Pb2 lead (II)
• Li1 lithium

24
Write Formulas for these

• Potassium ion
• Magnesium ion
• Copper (II) ion
• Chromium (VI) ion
• Barium ion
• Mercury (II) ion

25
Write Formulas for these

• Potassium ion K1
• Magnesium ion Mg2
• Copper (II) ion Cu2
• Chromium (VI) ion Cr6
• Barium ion Ba2
• Mercury (II) ion Hg2

26
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same.
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluorine

27
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same.
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluorin

28
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluori

29
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluor

30
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluori

31
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluorid

32
Naming Anions

• Anions are always the same
• Change the element ending to ide
• F-1 Fluoride

33
Name these

• Cl-1
• N-3
• Br-1
• O-2

34
Name these

• Cl-1 chloride
• N-3 nitride
• Br-1 bromide
• O-2 oxide

35
Write these

• Sulfide ion
• iodide ion
• phosphide ion
• carbide ion

36
Write these

• Sulfide ion S-2
• iodide ion I-1
• phosphide ion P-3
• carbide ion C-4

37
Polyatomic ions

• Groups of atoms that stay together and have a
  charge.
• Acetate C2H3O2-1
• Nitrate NO3-1
• Nitrite NO2-1
• Hydroxide OH-1
• Permanganate MnO4-1
• Cyanide CN-1

38
Polyatomic ions

• Sulfate SO4-2
• Sulfite SO3-2
• Carbonate CO3-2
• Chromate CrO4-2
• Dichromate Cr2O7-2

• Phosphate PO4-3
• Phosphite PO3-3
• Ammonium NH41

39
Ions in Ionic Compounds
40
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• Binary Compounds - 2 elements.
• Ionic - a cation and an anion.
• To write the names just name the two ions.
• Easy with Representative elements.
• Group A
• NaCl Na Cl- sodium chloride
• MgBr2 Mg2 Br- magnesium bromide

41
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• The problem comes with the transition metals.
• Need to figure out their charges.
• The compound must be neutral.
• same number of and charges.
• Use the anion to determine the charge on the
  positive ion.

42
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• Write the name of CuO
• Need the charge of Cu
• O is -2
• copper must be 2
• Copper (II) oxide
• Name CoCl3
• Cl is -1 and there are three of them -3
• Co must be 3 Cobalt (III) chloride

43
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• Write the name of Cu2S.
• Since S is -2, the Cu2 must be 2, so each one is
  1.
• copper (I) sulfide
• Fe2O3
• Each O is -2 3 x -2 -6
• 2 Fe must 6, so each is 3.
• iron (III) oxide

44
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• Write the names of the following
• KCl
• Na3N
• CrN
• PbO
• PbO2
• Na2Se (Se is selenium)

45
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

• Write the names of the following
• KCl potassium chloride
• Na3N sodium nitride
• CrN chromium (III) nitride
• PbO lead (II) oxide
• PbO2 lead (IV) oxide
• Na2Se sodium selenide

46
Ternary Ionic Compounds

• Will have polyatomic ions
• At least three elements

47
Ternary Ionic Compounds

• name the ions
• NaNO3 LiCN
• CaSO4 Fe(OH)3
• CuSO3 (NH4)2CO3
• (NH4)2O NiPO4

48
Ternary Ionic Compounds

• NaNO3 sodium nitrate
• CaSO4 calcium sulfate
• CuSO3 copper (II) sulfite
• (NH4)2O ammonium oxide
• LiCN lithium cyanide
• Fe(OH)3 iron (III) hydroxide
• (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate
• NiPO4 nickel (III) phosphate

49
Writing Formulas

• The charges have to add up to zero.
• Get charges on pieces.
• Cations from name of table.
• Anions from table or polyatomic.
• Balance the charges by adding subscripts.
• Put polyatomics in parenthesis.

50
Writing Formulas

• Write the formula for calcium chloride.
• Calcium is Ca2
• Chloride is Cl-1
• Ca2 Cl-1 would have a 1 charge.
• Need another Cl-1
• Ca2 Cl2-1

51
Things to look for

• If cations have (), the number is their charge.
• If anions end in -ide they are probably off the
  periodic table (Monoatomic)
• If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic

52
Write the formulas for these

• Lithium sulfide
• tin (II) oxide
• tin (IV) oxide
• Magnesium fluoride
• Copper (II) sulfate
• Iron (III) phosphide
• gallium nitrate

53
Write the formulas for these

• Lithium sulfide Li2S
• tin (II) oxide SnO
• tin (IV) oxide SnO2
• Magnesium fluoride MgF2
• Copper (II) sulfate CuSO4
• Iron (III) phosphide - FeP
• gallium nitrate Ga(NO3)3

54
Changing Numbers of Oxygen

• Change ending of polyatomic ion and/or add a
  prefix.
• -ate form is on blue sheet
• -ite form is one less oxygen (nothing else
  changes)
• Per-(root)-ate is one more oxygen than -ate
• Hypo-(root)-ite is one less oxygen than -ite

55
Latin Names

• This is the old form used for transition metals.
• -ic ending means higher oxidation state
• -ous ending means lower oxidation state
• Ex cupric copper (II)
• cuprous copper (I)
• Complete list on page 144 in textbook.

56
Molecular Compounds

• Writing names and Formulas

57
Molecular compounds

• made of just nonmetals
• smallest piece is a molecule
• cant be held together because of opposite
  charges.
• cant use charges to figure out how many of each
  atom

58
Easier

• Ionic compounds use charges to determine how many
  of each.
• Have to figure out charges.
• Have to figure out numbers.
• Molecular compounds name tells you the number of
  atoms.
• Uses prefixes to tell you the number

59
Prefixes

• 1 mono-
• 2 di-
• 3 tri-
• 4 tetra-
• 5 penta-
• 6 hexa-
• 7 hepta-
• 8 octa-

60
Prefixes

• 9 nona-
• 10 deca-
• To write the name write two words

61
Prefixes

• 9 nona-
• 10 deca-
• To write the name write two words

Prefix
name
Prefix
name
-ide
62
Prefixes

• 9 nona-
• 10 deca-
• To write the name write two words
  
• One exception is we dont write mono- if there is
  only one of the first element.

Prefix
name
Prefix
name
-ide
63
Prefixes

• 9 nona-
• 10 deca-
• To write the name write two words
  
• One exception is we dont write mono- if there is
  only one of the first element.
• No double vowels when writing names (oa oo)

Prefix
name
Prefix
name
-ide
64
Name These

• N2O
• NO2
• Cl2O7
• CBr4
• CO2
• BaCl2

65
Name These

• N2O dinitrogen monoxide
• NO2 nitrogen dioxide
• Cl2O7 dichlorine heptoxide
• CBr4 carbon tetrabromide
• CO2 carbon dioxide
• BaCl2 barium chloride

66
Write formulas for these

• diphosphorus pentoxide
• tetraiodide nonoxide
• sulfur hexaflouride
• nitrogen trioxide
• Carbon tetrahydride
• phosphorus trifluoride
• aluminum chloride

67
Acids

• Writing names and Formulas

68
Acids

• Compounds that give off hydrogen ions when
  dissolved in water.
• Must have H in them.
• will always be some H next to an anion.
• The anion determines the name.

69
Naming acids

• If the anion attached to hydrogen is ends in
  -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to
  -ic acid
• HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion
• hydrochloric acid
• H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion
• hydrosulfuric acid

70
Naming Acids

• If the anion has oxygen in it
• it ends in -ate of -ite
• change the suffix -ate to -ic acid
• HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions
• Nitric acid
• change the suffix -ite to -ous acid
• HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions
• Nitrous acid

71
Name these

• HF
• H3P
• H2SO4
• H2SO3
• HCN
• H2CrO4

72
Writing Formulas

• Hydrogen will always be first
• name will tell you the anion
• make the charges cancel out.
• Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide
• no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite comes from
  -ous

73
Write formulas for these

• hydroiodic acid
• acetic acid
• carbonic acid
• phosphorous acid
• hydrobromic acid