GOAL TEN 10.03

1
GOAL TEN10.03

• World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War
• (1930-1963)
• The learner will analyze the United States
  involvement in World War II and the wars
  influence on international affairs in the
  following decades.
• Describe and analyze the effects of the war on
  American economic, social, political, and
  cultural life.

2
War bonds

• Purchase of war bonds was greatly encouraged by
  the U.S. government to help financially support
  the war

3
Baby Boomers

• Term which refers to the increasing number of
  children born when soldiers returned home to
  their wives after WWII

4
Fair Deal

• the domestic policy of Harry S. Truman's second
  administration
• aimed to extend the New Deal program
• introduced legislation for civil rights, fair
  housing, national health programs, and federal
  aid to farmers and education.
• Most bills were blocked by Congress, but the
  Social Security program was expanded.

5
G.I. Bill (1944)

• a series of programs designed to help veterans.
• first called the Servicemen's Readjustment Act
• offered veterans funds for tuition and living
  expenses at educational institutions
• also included hospitalization, pensions, and
  other benefits, as well as a provision for
  government-guaranteed loans for the purchase of
  homes, farms, and businesses.
• In 1952, similar benefits were granted to Korean
  War veterans in a second G.I. bill. Other bills
  have benefited people who served in the armed
  forces during the cold war.

6
Korematsu v United States, 1944

• Upheld the U.S. government's decision to put
  Japanese-Americans in internment (detention)
  camps during World War II.

7
Levittown

• Levittown is the model on which post World War II
  suburban communities were based
• began as an experiment in low-cost, mass-produced
  housing and became one of the most famous
  suburban developments in the world.

8
Northern Migration

• The large migration of African American citizens
  to the north in order to obtain employment
• (recall the Great Migration)

9
Middle Class

• The emerging group of American citizens during
  the economic prosperity of the late 40's and 50's
  who settled into suburbia with one father, one
  mother, and 2.5 kids

10
Rosie the Riveter

• famous WWII propaganda poster depicting a strong
  woman who claimed, We Can Do It
• As WWII continued, greater numbers of women began
  to assume new roles. For the first time, women
  across the world were learning to work as factory
  workers, nurses, and journalists.
• Many women even joined the army through an
  organization called the Women's Army Corps.
• Women also worked as drivers, farmers, mail
  delivery personnel, garbage collectors, builders,
  and mechanics.

11
AFL-CIO

• (AFL) - began in 1886 with about 140,000 members
  by 1917 it had 2.5 million members. It is a
  federation of different unions
• (CIO) - originally formed by leaders within the
  AFL who wanted to expand its principles to
  include workers in mass production industries
• In 1935, they created coalition of the 8 unions
  comprising the AFL and the United Mine Workers of
  America, led by John L. Lewis. After a split
  within the organization in 1938, the CIO was
  established as a separate entity
• In 1955 at a New York City Convention, these two
  once-rival organizations decided to put aside
  their differences and unite. Had a total
  membership of over 15 million.

12
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

• act that outlawed the closed shop - the practice
  of hiring only union members
• also ordered unions to register and file their
  financial status with the Department of Labor
• limited union political activity and provided
  that strikes that would affect a national
  emergency be delayed for eighty days as a
  cooling-off period
• passed despite President Trumans veto
• the act was opposed by unions, which tried to
  repeal or amend it

13
WAC Women's Army Corps

• organization created in 1942 during World War II
  to enlist women as auxiliaries for noncombatant
  duty in the U.S. army
• before 1943, it was known as the Women's
  Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
• during World War II, WACs served as medical
  technicians, clerks, and secretaries
• in 1946, the Department of War asked for
  reenlistments to meet shortages in army hospitals
  and personnel centers
• in 1948, Congress formally established the WAC
  within the regular army it was dissolved in
  1978.

14
War Production Board WPB

• established to direct war production and the
  procurement of materials in World War Two
• the chairman was granted sweeping powers over the
  nation's economic life
• The WPB converted and expanded the peacetime
  economy to maximum war production

15
Japanese Internment

• Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese
  Americans were suspected of being potential spies
  and saboteurs, and many Americans believed a
  Japanese invasion of the West Coast was imminent
• In 1942, these irrational fears, as well as
  racism, prompted the U.S. government to order
  over 100,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast
  to leave their homes and reside in the barracks
  of internment camps.

16
Japanese Internment

• Separation of the alleged loyal and disloyal
  began in July 1943
• Persons who could prove their loyalty and had
  employment waiting for them were released to live
  anywhere except in the proscribed (forbidden)
  area
• Persons deemed disloyal by the FBI were
  segregated
• The majority of evacuees remained in the
  relocation centers until after December 1944,
  when the mass exclusion orders were revoked. The
  last of the centers was closed in March, 1946.

17
Rationing

• In order to preserve resources needed for war,
  the U.S. government required citizens to use
  limited amounts of everyday necessities
• the high volume of U.S. spending during the war,
  coupled with increased consumer demand caused by
  wartime rationing, led to inflation after the
  war.