Sensation and Perception

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Sensation and Perception
Audition
Pitch Perception How do we determine the pitch
of a sound?
Two different answers for high and low frequency
sounds
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Sensation and Perception
Audition
Place Theory (high-pitched sounds)
In the higher range of audible stimuli, a
particular frequency will cause a particular
point on the basilar membrane to resonate
Therefore, we can identify a pitch by determining
which hair cells are firing
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Sensation and Perception
Audition
Frequency Theory (low-pitched sounds)
Low frequency sounds will cause the entire
basilar membrane to vibrate, so place theory will
not work here
Hair cells along the entire membrane will fire,
but will do so at the same frequency as the
incoming stimulus, allowing us to determine the
pitch
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Sensation and Perception
Selective Attention
Which features you attend to will influence your
perception
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Sensation and Perception
Selective Attention
Unattended stimuli can also influence perception
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Sensation and Perception
Selective Attention
Unattended stimuli can also influence perception
Unattended message
river
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Sensation and Perception
Selective Attention
Unattended stimuli can also influence perception
Unattended message
Bank
money
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Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Illusions
Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Illusions
Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Illusions
Blue Worm Illusion
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Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Illusions
Why are visual illusions so common?
Visual Capture Humans are primarily
visually-oriented organisms, and in any situation
where visual information conflicts with other
sensory information, we tend to interpret the
situation as if the visual information is correct
(even when this is clearly not the case, as in
ventriloquism)
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Sensation and Perception
Perceptual Organization
Gestalt an overall form or whole
the whole is more than the sum of the parts
How do we organize separate elemental sensations
into a perceived whole?
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Figure vs. Ground
Figure and ground may flip, but we always make
the distinction between the two
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Grouping
There are 5 basic principles for grouping
objects Proximity Similarity Continuity Connected
ness Closure
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Proximity grouping things that are close
together in space
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Similarity grouping similar things together
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Continuity we will see a smooth, continuous
pattern, rather than an interrupted,
discontinuous pattern
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Connectedness areas / objects that are uniform
and linked are perceived as a single object
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Form
Closure we will fill in gaps to create the
appropriate objects
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Binocular Cues
Retinal Disparity
Convergence
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Interposition
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Relative Size
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Relative Clarity
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Texture Gradient
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Relative Height
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Motion Parallax
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Linear Perspective
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Sensation and Perception
Perception of Depth / Distance
Monocular Cues
Light and Shadow