Samantha Lawrence

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Quantification of Atmospheric Particle Emissions
from Non-Exhaust Sources
Samantha Lawrence
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Why are Atmospheric Particle Emissions Important?

• Particle pollution is linked to adverse health
  effects
• 350,000 premature deaths a year within the EU
  are related to exposure to particulate matter
  (PM) (WHO, 2006)
• Concentrations levelling off
• National air quality objectives exceeded

PM10 Particles lt10µm in diameter
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Reducing Road Transport Emissions

• Road transport is major source of atmospheric
  particles
• Accountable for 70 of the atmospheric particles
  in London
• Exhaust Emissions (Regulated)
• Non-Exhaust Emissions (Un-Regulated)

Road Surface Wear
Tyre Wear
Brake Wear
Resuspended Dust
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Non-Exhaust A Policy Makers Problem

• Non-exhaust source contributions to the total
  PM10 emissions can range from 30-90
• The majority of available data is based on
  simulated driving tests
• Non-exhaust emission contributions are currently
  underestimated
• Lack of real world data to establish
  evidence-based policy.

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Project Aims

• Identify and quantify non-exhaust emissions
  within the urban atmosphere
• Improve non-exhaust emission calculations to
  assist with air quality assessments
• Provide a dataset for non-exhaust sources for use
  within emissions models

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Creating a Tunnel Laboratory

• Equipment Used
• 2 HiVols
• 2 Partisols
• 2 DSFUs
• Weather Stn
• Traffic Monitor

• Methodology developed at UH
• Two sampling stations at the entrance and inside
  the tunnel
• Samples collected every 12 hours for 5 weeks
• Two sampling campaigns

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How does this work?
Traffic Met Data
PM2.5 Concentrations
Mass Emission Factors
PM10 Concentrations
Tunnel Sampling
Chemical Analysis
Coarse Concentrations
Organic Concentrations
Metal Concentrations
Traffic Met Data
Receptor Modelling
Source Emission Factors
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Source Apportionment

• Second phase of the project will provide unique
  tracers to reduce uncertainties.

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Impact of My Research

• Development of methodology to measure non-exhaust
  emissions
• A unique and possibly the first UK dataset of
  this type for source apportionment of non-exhaust
  sources
• Users include Greater London Authority (GLA) and
  DEFRA

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• A Light at the End of the Tunnel

• Educate the general public regarding air
  pollution
• Make people aware that emissions not only
  originate from exhaust pipes
• Create a Facebook group and produce a website,
  which will provide an information portal
• Promote environmental science in classrooms by
  visiting schools

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Acknowledgements

• NERC BOC Foundation (Funding Facilities)
• Institution of Environmental Sciences
• Prof. Sokhi, Dr. Mao, Dr. Luhana Dr. Ravindra
• Dr. Ian Bull and Dr. Emma Tomlinson
• Sampling Assistants Douglas Prain
• Hatfield Tunnel Authorities Highways Agency