INFT 13312 73312

1

• INFT 13-312 / 73-312
• COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
• OPERATING SYSTEMS

2

• Presented by
• Erica Santosaputri-- 12606283
• YiQian Wang--12621927
• (Jackie) Qi Zhang --11090869

3
Why dual-systems

• But Linux is faster, cheaper, more efficient,
  more stable
• Some application software are not available
• For Linux (eg. Quicken , TurboTax , Adobe
  Acrobat, Atomica )
• For Windows
• Windows problems (next slide)

4
Problems with Windows OS

• Most factory-installed Windows installations take
  up all the space on your hard drive, leaving no
  room for installing Linux. Therefore, we must
  clear some space where Linux can be installed.
• Linux needs to have partitions of its own, but
  Windows does not have the ability to resize
  partitions. Ordinarily, this would mean you would
  have to delete your existing partition to make
  room on the drive and create partitions of
  smaller sizes and reinstall.

5
How to install dual-OS systems

• Install two hard disks, one for Windows, one for
  Linux.
• Partition one hard disk, so it has multi
  operating system upon it, which can be DOS,
  Win95, Win98, Win NT, or Win2K with Linux.

6
In Two Hard Disks

• One hard disk install the dos/windows, another
  one install Linux.
• When turn on the computer, go to CMOS to choose
  which hard disk (operating system) should be used
  to boot.

7
Partition in One Hard Disk

• Why partition---Different file system.
• The Linux use native partition and swap
  partition. But Linux can not use either FAT or
  NTFS yet.
• Linux and other operating system must be
  installed in different partition.

8
How to Partition One Hard Disk

• Use Fdisk to divide a hard disk, which does not
  have any operating system.
• A hard disk with windows system already, use FIPS
  to RESIZE the hard disk.(defragment the hard
  disk before use FIPS, back up system recommended)
• A hard disk with Linux system already. Boot Linux
  by Bootdisk, then re-run Lilo to overwrite the
  windows boot program.

9
About FIPS

• Linux distributions come with a special tool to
  allow you to resize or divide hard drive
  partitions.
• FIPS, the First (non-destructive) Interactive
  Partition Splitter, normally found on your Linux
  CD in a directory called /dosutils.
• You will also need a blank, formatted floppy disk
  to use as a boot disk.

10
Installation

• Linux First
• Windows First

11
Installing Linux First

• A hard disk with Linux system already. Boot Linux
  by Bootdisk, then re-run Lilo to overwrite the
  windows boot program

12
Installing Windows first

• Install the windows system in one partition
  first(except the last partition).
• Linux system should install in the last
  partition.
• Boot with windows system, then the Linux
  partition can not be seen.

13
Installing Windows first(Cont)

• Make a Bootdisk when installing Linux.
• When installed the Linux, the system will ask
  user choose the Lilo installation.

14
Installing Windows first(cont)

• Master Boot Record.
• First Sector of Boot Partition.

15
Installing Windows first(cont)

• The master boot record will go to Lilo.
• The user can choose operating system by use the
  tab.

16
Installing Windows first(cont)

• The First Sector of Boot Partition will use the
  Bootdisk to boot computer into Linux.
• Normally the computer will boot with c.
• The WinNT/Win2K OS loader can be used to choose
  different OS.(MS-DOS, Window9x).

17
How to Dual Boot?

• Using LILO
• Using OS loader
• Using a third software as emulator or communicator

18
Boot with Lilo

• LInux LOader
• Most Linux can detect the windows partition.
• However, sometimes need to edit the
  /ect/lilo.conf as root user

19
Edit /ect/lilo.conf

• boot/dev/hda root/dev/hda2 install/boot/boot.b
  map/boot/map image/boot/vmlinuz    labelLinux
     read-only other/dev/hda1    labelwindows
     table/dev/hda

20
Edit /ect/lilo.conf(cont)

• The section labeled "other" may need to add by
  hand.
• /dev/hda1 is the first partition on an IDE disk
  (C, in Windows). The second partition (D, in
  Linux) would be /dev/hda2

21
Boot with Lilo(cont)

• LILO accomplishes start system by reading a
  configuration file (/etc/lilo.conf)
• After modifications to lilo.conf, must run a
  program (/sbin/lilo) to actually write those
  changes to the boot sector of the hard drive.

22
Boot with Lilo(cont)

• If the windows system is win95 or win98 it should
  work.
• If the windows system is winNT or win2K, the
  change should make in the windows side.

23
Boot with OS loader

• The NT OS loader likes to have the boot sector
  from the other operating systems available as a
  file. It reads this file and starts the operating
  system selected, i.e. either Windows NT in
  different Modes or any other OS.

24
Boot with OS loader(cont)

• In the win NT side, edit the file c\\boot.ini.
• Remove the read-only-attribute before modify with
  following
• C\attrib -s -r c\boot.ini
• Add C\BOOTSECT.LNX"Linux" in the file.

25
Boot with OS loader(cont)

• Restore the attributes after you have saved
  boot.ini with
• C\attrib s r c\boot.ini
• Restart

26
Boot with OS loader(cont)

• What you can see now
• OS Loader V4.00
• Please select the operating system to start
•   Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0 Windows NT
  Workstation Version 4.0 VGA mode Linux 
• Select Linux and see 
• LILO loading zImage ....

27
Third software

• Wine
• Win4Lin
• VMware
• Bochs

28
Third software (cont)

• Partition magic
• Boot magic
• GRUB
• Boot Part
• Disk Drake

29
Wine

• Feature
• It is not an emulator
• one of the oldest examples of such software
• Open source package
• Implements the Windows 3.1 and Win32 APIs
  directly under Linux and X

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Wine

• Advantages
• Cost effective
• Easy to install
• Can run either with or without partition

31
Wine

• Disadvantages
• Supporting not many application software
• Cannot be run on a kernel
• an unhandled exception and hung.

32
Wine

• Hardware Requirements
• requires an Intel or compatible processor

33
Wine

• When to use
• Just need to run Windows programs occasionally

34
Wine

• Installation
• http//www.la-sorciere.de/wine/index.html

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Win4Lin

• Features
• Version 3.0
• running Windows applications on Linux
• Installation of it actually installs Windows for
  you

36
Win4Lin

• Advantages
• Relatively fast installation process
• Cost efficiency

37
Win4Lin

• Disadvantages
• Complicate installation

38
Win4Lin

• When to use
• Need to run a large range of Windows programs
• Need a more faithful Windows environment but can
  live with Windows 9x
• Do not need to use Windows NT or Windows 2000

39
Win4Lin

• Hardware Software Requirements
• Intel Pentium-class or compatible processor
  recommended
• 32MB of memory (64 MB recommended)CD-ROM drive
• Floppy drive (if your Windows installation CD is
  not bootable)
• 20 MB disk space for Win4Lin
• 40 MB - 135 MB additional disk space for Windows
  system files Additional disk space required for
  applications.
• Sound cards that are Open Sound System (OSS)
  compatible

40
Win4Lin

• Software Requirements
• Linux kernel 2.2.X or 2.4.X
• Microsoft Windows 95/98 (one license per user)
• Microsoft Windows 95/98 full installation CD
  andboot floppy disk if CD is not bootable
• X Window System (16-bit color recommended)Root
  user access

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Win4Lin

• Supporting Linux
• Red Hat Linux - 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 7.0,
  7.1CalderaTM OpenLinux - 2.3Caldera eDesktop -
  2.4, 3.1SuSETM Linux - 6.4, 7.0,
  7.1Linux-MandrakeTM - 7.1, 7.2, 8.0
• Supporting Windows
• Microsoft Windows 95/98

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Win4Lin

• Installation
• Install the custom kernel
• Install Win4Lin
• run install-win4lin.sh
• Install RPM (perform that step as root)
• Install Windows on your system
• using the winsetup command (perform that step
  as root)
• Set up a personal copy of Windows 9x again, using
  the winsetup command

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VMware

• Features
• Provides a very complete virtual machine
  environment that emulates an Intel x86-based
  computer,
• Runs under either Linux or Windows NT as the host
  operating system

44
VMware

• When to use
• Need to run Windows NT or Windows 2000
• Need Windows applications that require Microsoft
  Windows Networking

45
VMware

• Advantages
• VMware provides much extra functionality

46
VMware

• Disadvantages
• Expensive

47
VMware

• Hardware Requirements
• Standard x86-based host machine
• 266MHz or faster processor that supports the
  Pentium instruction set, includeIntel Pentium
  Pro, Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium IIIAMD K6-2,
  K6-III, Athlon (K7)
• Multiprocessor systems supported
• RAM memory Minimum 96MB recommended 128MB
• Video adapter supported by the XFree86 Server (to
  take advantage of the Workstation full-screen
  option)

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VMware

• Special requirement when having Windows OS first
• Greater than 256 color (8 bit depth) display
  adapter required
• Optional Ethernet adapter (required for bridged
  mode networking)

49
VMware (for Linux)

• Installation (Cont)
• Install the Workstation software and license.
• Configure a new virtual machine using the
  Configuration Wizard.
• Install a guest operating system in the new
  virtual machine.
• Install the VMware Tools package inside your
  virtual machine for enhanced performance.
• Start using your virtual machine.

50
VMware (for Windows NT and 2000)

• Installation
• Install the Workstation software and license.
• Configure a new virtual machine using the
  Configuration Wizard.
• Install a guest operating system in the new
  virtual machine.
• Install the VMware Tools package inside your
  virtual machine for enhanced performance.
• Start using your virtual machine.

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Bochs

• Features
• Bochs 1.2.1 (released on June 12, 2001)
• dual hard drive support, multiple processor
  emulation (SMP), and VNC remote viewer mode.
• a highly portable open source x86 PC emulator. It
  includes emulation of the Intel x86 CPU, common
  IO devices, and a custom BIOS

52
Bochs

• When to use
• Need to run Windows on a platform such as Alpha,
  Power PC, or Sparc

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Bochs

• Advantages
• High development potential
• MandrakeSoft has bought Bochs, and committed it
  to open source (LGPL) in order to help the
  development of the Plex86 project (an open source
  PC virtualization software program which will
  allow users to run multiple operating systems
  concurrently on the same machine)

54
Bochs

• Disadvantages
• Bug report
• http//bochs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/topper.pl?nam
  eReportaBugurlhttp//sourceforge.net/tracker/
  qmrkgroup_ideq12580ampatideq112580

55
Bochs

• Hardware Requirements
• 400MHz processor
• At least 64MB of RAM

56
Bochs

• Installation
• Boot
• cd /usr/ports/emulators/bochs make install
  clean
• Change to VGA fonts, If you have a recent FreeBSD
  4.X source tree (after June 30, 2000), the font
  is included with the source, and you just have to
  do the following before running Bochs
• xset fp /usr/libdata/doscmd/fonts

57
Bochs

• Installation (Cont)
• If you don't have a source tree from after June
  30, 2000, you'll have to do the following
• Fetch this file.
• Run the following commands as root
• uudecode cp437-8x16.pcf.gz.uu
  cp437-8x16.pcf.gz cp cp437-8x16.pcf.gz
  /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/ mkfontdir
  /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/ xset fp rehash

58
Bochs

• Configuration
• create a "virtual hard drive" image file. The
  image size depends on the CHS number (Cylinders,
  Heads, Sectors) of the virtual hard drive.
• configure /.bochsrc file
• More details
• http//www.freebsdzine.org/200104/bochs.php3

59
Partition Magic

• Partition Magic is a hard-drive partitioning
  software for desktop systems, allows you to
  safely and easily create, resize and merge
  partitions on your hard drive without destroying
  data. Partition Magic helps organize and protect
  your data, run multiple operating systems,
  convert file system types and fix partition table
  errors.
• http//www.powerquest.com/partitionmagic/index.htm
  l

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Why Partition Magic?

• Safely manage multiple operating systems
• Organize and protect the information on your hard
  drive
• Includes easy step-by-step wizards to create
  partitioning tasks
• Ability to view pending operations before
  implementing them
• Flexibility to convert from one file system or
  partition type to another
• Includes support for FAT, FAT32, Linux ext 2,
  Linux SWAP, NTFS, and HPFS partitions

61
Partition Magic

• Advantages
• Split Partitions
• Undelete Partitions
• Windows Tree and Multiple Disk View
• Drag and Drop
• Password Protected
• Boot Disk Builder

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System Requirements

• Minimum Requirements
• 486DX Processor
• 16MB RAM
• 12MB Hard-Disk Free Space
• Windows 3.1/95/98/NT 4.0 or DOS 5.0 or above OS
• VGA Monitor
• Recommended Requirements
• 586 or above Processor
• 32MB RAM (additional required for FAT32 support
  on hard drives larger than 4 GB)
• 12MB Hard-Disk Free Space (8MB additional
  required for BootMagic)
• Windows 3.1/95/98/ME/2000/NT 4.0 or DOS 5.0 or
  above OS
• Super-VGA Monitor
• Microsoft mouse (or compatible pointing device)

63
Boot Magic

• Boot Magic is a software that enables you to
  switch between multiple operating systems in safe
  and easy way.

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Boot Magic

• Advantages
• Safely run multiple Operating Systems on the same
  PC
• Graphical interface - Manage multiple operating
  systems in a comfortable, easy-to-use environment
  
• Mouse and keyboard support - utilize either mouse
  or keyboard operation for maximum flexibility
• Native DOS and Windows configuration - change
  menu items and start up options for all your OSs
  while in DOS, Windows 95/98 or NT

65
Boot Magic (cont)

• Advantages
• Integrated with partitioning software - combine
  PartitionMagic for a complete hard-drive solution
  
• Hide/Unhide partitions - automatically hide
  partitions not being used by the OS you select at
  boot time
• Enable/Disable boot mode - have the option of
  automatically booting to default at start up
• Emergency bootable floppy - added security of an
  emergency disk for hard-drive conflicts and
  crashes

66
Supported Operating Systems

• Windows 95/98, NT3.51/4.0 (server and
  workstation)
• Windows 3.x (must be installed with DOS 5 or
  later)
• MS-DOS 5.0 or later
• PC-DOS 6.1 or later
• Open DOS
• OS/2 3.0 or later
• Linux
• BeOS
• Most other versions of DOS and PC-compatible OSs

67
PartitionMagic and BootMagic

• Disadvantages
• It is not very well recommended to use
  PartitionMagic and BootMagic for partition and
  boot management in a Linux-Windows dual-boot
  system.
• Both softwares provide subsequent partition
  management operation. However, after these
  additional partition management operations, the
  Linux boot no longer worked. That strongly
  suggests that the partition management operations
  did something that messed up the Linux boot.

68
GRUB

• Enable you to boot all operating systems without
  having to go through multiple menus.
• GRUB can hide primary partitions so that the
  other operating systems will not see it. You can
  use 3 partitions to install Windows OS and Linux,
  and the 4th partition is extended partition.

69
GRUB How To

• Preparing Boot Floppies
• Installing Linux
• Installing GRUB
• Installing Windows 2000
• Installing DOS
• The final touch

70
Preparing Boot Floppies

• You need 3 floppy disks. First one is DOS
  bootable disk. Copy fdisk.exe and sys.exe onto
  this disk. Use command
• FORMAT /S A
• COPY FDISK.EXE A
• COPY SYS.EXE A
• Use your second floppy disk to make a Windows 98
  emergency disk and third floppy for GRUB.

71
Installing Linux

• Install Linux Mandrake 7.2 but you need to use
  fdisk to partition your hard disk. Make sure you
  know how much disk space will each of the OS
  systems will take.

72
Sample of Partition Table

• Device Boot Start End Blocks Id
  System
• /dev/hda1 1 6 48163
  16 Hidden FAT16
• /dev/hda2 7 19 104422
  16 Hidden FAT16
• /dev/hda3 594 3737 25254180 5
  Extended
• /dev/hda4 594 848 2048256
  6 FAT16
• /dev/hda5 849 2123 10241406 7
  HPFS/NTFS
• /dev/hda6 2124 2140 136521 82
  Linux swap
• /dev/hda7 2141 2523 3076416 83
  Linux

73
Whats next?

• First partition is for Windows 2000 (around 10MG)
  . This partition contains the file necessary to
  boot NT such as boot.ini, ntldr, ntdetect.com,
  etc... NT will reside in partition 6 in my
  example. This partition is Hidden FAT16.
• The second partition is for DOS (around 100M).
  This is FAT16 too.
• Third partition is extended partition for the
  remaining of your hard disk.

74
Whats next? (cont)

• Create a 2GB partition. This partitions is used
  to share data between all operating systems. Make
  sure that all the sum of all above partitions are
  less than 8GB. This is a DOS limitation.
• Next create your Windows 2000 partition, gave it
  10G. If you demand speed, make it HPFS/NTFS
  partition.
• Next add your swap partition and Linux partition.
  Make sure you do not have a separate partition
  for /boot. Things look better in GRUB if you keep
  /boot in the root partition.

75
Whats next? (cont)

• After you have installed linux go ahead and
  format the fat16 partitions
• mkdosfs /dev/hda1
• mkdosfs /dev/hda2
• mkdosfs /dev/hda5

76
Installing GRUB

• Install GRUB on floppy not on hard disk because
  Windows 2000 will overwrite it.
• grub-install '(fd0)
• Create the menu.lst for GRUB. This file lives in
  /boot/grub.
• http//linux.com/howto/mini/Multiboot-with-GRUB-2.
  htmlss2.1

77
Installing Windows 2000

• Initialize the first partition before installing
  Windows 2000. Insert the DOS startup disk and
  reboot your computer. Once you get to the DOS
  prompt do the followings
• FDISK /MBR SYS C
• Install Windows 2000 as usual. At some point
  Windows 2000 will prompt you for the partition on
  which you want to install. The partition you
  created with fdisk should show up as damaged or
  unformatted partition.

78
Installing DOS

• Insert the GRUB disk. When you see the menu
  insert the DOS boot disk. Select partition 2
  (floppy) from the menu. This will boot the floppy
  disk and hide partition 1 and 3.
• Run FDISK and check that the C drive is
  partition 2. Next install DOS
• SYS C

79
Final Touch

• Test that everything is working from GRUB
• You should be able to boot from all 3 operating
  systems from the GRUB floppy disk.
• If everything looks right you can go ahead and
  install GRUB on your hard disk. From linux type
• grub-install /dev/hda

80
Boot Part

• Allow to add partitions in the Windows NT/2K/XP
  Multi-boot menu.
• Add partition on the menu. Can add OS/2
  Multi-boot, or Linux Partition (with LiLo) in the
  menu.
• Have FAT16 primary partition as active partition
  on first hard disk. This can be a small partition.

81
Boot Part Features (cont)

• BOOTPART creates a 512 bytes file which contains
  an image of a boot sector that loads the boot
  sector of the partition. This file is declared in
  C\BOOT.INI (a text file used by Windows NT boot
  menu). The boot sector comes from FDFormat and
  WinImage.
• Can easily add both MS-Dos 6.22 and Windows95 in
  boot menu, support FAT32 and disk over 4GB.

82
Boot Part Installation

• Windows2000 installs boot sector that launches
  NTLDR and displays Windows NT boot menu. BootPart
  can restore it.
• Boot under MS-Dos then enter the command
• BOOTPART WINNT BOOTC
• If you want to remove Win2000 boot sector,
  replace it with command
• BOOTPART DOS622 BOOTC

83
Boot Part Installation (cont)

• For Linux, you must install Lilo at the beginning
  of the Linux partition (as with OS/2 boot
  manager) and then add the Linux partition with
  BootPart
• When you install Linux or run liloconfig, select
  "Superblock of the root linux partition" as
  location of Lilo. In my sample, this adds the
  line "boot/dev/sdb4" on the file /etc/lilo.conf

84
Disk Drake

• The purpose of the DiskDrake project is to make
  easier the hard disk partitionning. It is
  graphical, simple and powerful. Different skill
  levels will be available (newbie, advanced user,
  expert).
• It's written entirely in Perl and Perl/Gtk. It
  uses resize_fat which is a perl rewrite of the
  work of Andrew Clausen (libresize). DiskDrake is
  a project from MandrakeSoft, the company behind
  the popular Linux-Mandrake operating-system.

85
Disk Drake - Features

• in expert you can precise if you want an primary
  or an extended partition
• for standalone use, the partition table can be
  saved on a raw floppy
• undo is on its way
• moving partitions is on its way (still buggy!)
• comestic changes
• some bugs removed

86
Disk Drake Usage

• Create, delete and change type of partitions
• Format partitions
• Assign a mount point
• Mount partitions
• Resize fat partitions
• Resize partitions (when not caring loosing its
  data)
• Clear partition table
• Auto allocation (usefull for install)
• Write fstab

87
Disk Drake
88
Disk Drake
89
Reference

• http//www.itworld.com/Net/4158/lw-10-legacy/
• VMwarehttp//www.vmware.com
• http//www.vmware.com/support/desktop/
• http//www.twcny.rr.com/technofile/texts/tec10039
  9.html
• Win4Linhttp//www.netraverse.com

90
Reference

• Wine
• http//www.winehq.com
• Wine HOWTO http//www.la-sorciere.de/wine/index.
  html
• Bochshttp//www.bochs.com

91
Reference

• http//www.cam-lug.org.uk/members/richards/install
  _for_newcomers.html
• http//yklinux.myrice.com/qita/zlk/1/01.htm
• http//yklinux.myrice.com/qita/zlk/1/06.htm
• http//member.netease.com/con/minihowto/LinuxDOS
  Win95.txt

92
Reference

• http//linux.com/learn/newsitem.phtml?sid60aid9
  166
• http//www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LinuxNT-Loader
  -2.html
• http//www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LinuxNT-Loader
  -3.html

93
Reference

• http//www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LinuxNT-Loader
  -5.html
• http//www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LinuxNT-Loader
  -6.html
• http//www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/LinuxNT-Loader
  -7.html

94
References

• http//www.icc3.com/ec/linux/linux8.html
• http//www.mozillaquest.com/stories_01/DualBoot_Pq
  Magic-01/MQ-Mag_01_DualBoot_Story-01_01.html
• http//www.linuxgazette.com/issue38/veselosky.html
  
• http//classes.monterey.edu/CST/CST434-01/world/Du
  alBoot.html
• http//www.google.com
• http//www.askjeeves.com
• http//linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Partition/intro.htm
  l