Application Software

1
Chapter 3

• Application Software
• Programs designed to perform specific tasks for
  users
• System Software
• Programs that control the operations of the
  computer and its devices
• Operating System - A type of system software that
  contains instructions that coordinate all the
  activities among computer hardware devices
• Utility program - A type of system software that
  performs a specific task

2
Antivirus Programs

• A utility that prevents, detects, and removes
  viruses from a computers memory or storage
  devices

3
User Interface

• Controls how you enter data or instructions and
  how information displays on the screen
• A graphical user interface (GUI)
• Combines text, graphics, and other visual images
  to make software easier to use

4
Application Software

• Productivity Software - Software that assists
  people in becoming more effective and efficient
  while performing daily activities
• Project Management Software- Allows you to plan,
  schedule, track, and analyze the events,
  resources, and costs of a project
• Accounting Software- Helps companies record and
  report their financial transactions
• Desk Top Publishing (DTP)- Enables professional
  designers to design and produce sophisticated
  documents that contain text, graphics, and
  brilliant colors

5
Integrated Software

• Software that combines applications such as word
  processing, spreadsheet, and database into a
  single, easy-to-use package
• Software Suite - A collection of individual
  applications sold as a single package

6
Application Software

• What are the categories of application software?

p. 3.2 Fig. 3-1
7
Chapter 7 Storage

• The media on which data, instructions, and
  information are kept, as well as the devices that
  record and retrieve these items

8
Memory Versus Storage

• What is access time?

• The amount of time it takes the device to locate
  an item on a disk
• Defines the speed of a disk storage device

Memory (RAM)
Hard Disk
Compact Disc
Floppy Disk
Tape
p. 7.4 Fig. 7-4
9
Floppy Disk

• A portable, inexpensive storage medium
• Consists of a thin, circular, flexible plastic
  disk with a magnetic coating
• Enclosed in a square-shaped plastic shell
• Todays standard disk is 3.5 wide
• Most floppy disks today are high density (HD)
  with a capacity of 1.44 MB

10
Floppy Disks

• What are tracks and sectors?

• Track a narrow recording band that forms a full
  circle on the surface of the disk
• Pie shaped sections break the tracks into small
  arcs called sectors
• A sector can store up to 512 bytes of data
• A typical floppy disk stores data on both sides
  of the disk

80 tracks per side X 18 sectors per track X 2
sides per disk X 512 bytes per sector
1,474,560 bytes
p. 7.8 Fig. 7-8
11
Formatting

• The process of preparing a disk for reading and
  writing
• Formatting marks bad sectors as unusable

12
Write-Protect Notch

• A small opening with a cover that you slide up or
  down
• Protects floppy disks from accidentally being
  erased

13
Hard Disks

• Consists of several inflexible, circular platters
  that store items electronically
• A platter is coated with a material that allows
  items to be recorded magnetically on its surface
• The components of a hard disk are enclosed in an
  airtight, sealed case to protect them

14
Cylinder

• The location of a single track through all
  platters
• A single movement of the read/write head arms can
  read all the platters of data

15
Disk Cache

• A portion of memory that the processor uses to
  store frequently accessed items

16
Partition

• You can divide a formatted hard disk into
  separate areas called partitions
• Done by issuing a special operating system
  command
• Each partition functions as if it were a separate
  hard disk drive

17
Compact Disk (CD)

• A flat, round, portable, metal storage medium
  that usually is 4.75 inches in diameter and less
  than one-twentieth of an inch thick
• Most personal computers today include some type
  of compact disc drive
• Also called an optical disc
• Items are stored using microscopic pits
  (indentations) and land (flat areas) that are in
  the middle layer of the disk
• A laser light reads items from the compact disc

18
CD-ROM

• A silver-colored compact disc that uses the same
  laser technology as audio CDs for recording music
• Can contain text, graphics, audio, and video
• The manufacturer writes, or records, the contents
  of standard CD-ROMs
• You cannot erase or modify the contents
• A CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player is used to read
  items on a CD-ROM
• A typical CD-ROM holds about 650 MB of data,
  instructions, and information

19
Other Forms of CDs

• CD-R (compact disc-recordable)
• CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable)

20
DVD-ROM (digital video disc-ROM

• An extremely high capacity compact disc capable
  of storing from 4.7 GB to 17 GB
• You must have a DVD-ROM drive or DVD player to
  read a DVD-ROM
• Looks just like a CD-ROM but data, instructions,
  and information is stored in a slightly different
  manner to achieve a higher storage capacity

21
Magnetic Tape

• A magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable
  of storing large amounts of data and information
  at a low cost
• Uses sequential Access

22
Fragmentation

• When a file is stored in clusters that are not
  next to each other, the file is said to be
  fragmented.
• Fragmentation causes the computer to run slowly,
  because reading data from several locations on
  the disk takes longer than if the data were all
  in one location.

23
Defragmentation

• Reorganizes store data so files are located in
  contiguous clusters improving the speed of the
  computer.

24
Zip Disk

• High capacity disk
• Can store 250 MB of data.

25
Access Time

• The speed of a storage device.
• The minimum time it takes the device to locate a
  single item on a disk.
• Measured in nanoseconds (billionths of a second)

26
Sequential and Direct access

• Sequential - The computer must write and read
  tape records consecutively.
• Direct Access ability to locate a particular
  data item or file immediately
• How is data stored on disk, on tape?
• Data is stored on disk by direct access
• Data is stored on tape by sequential access

27
What type of secondary storage uses lasers?

• CD and DVD

28
Explain how a disk can become fragmented.

• By modifying documents on disk. The modified
  document may need more space then the original
  document

29
What can be done about it?

• Defragmentation software will reallocate all of
  the documents stored.

30
Chapter 8

• System Software
• Programs that control the operations of the
  computer and its devices
• Operating System - A type of system software that
  contains instructions that coordinate all the
  activities among computer hardware devices
• Utility program - A type of system software that
  performs a specific task

31
Operating System Functions

• Booting starting or restarting a computer
• Managing programs
• Managing Memory
• Scheduling Jobs
• Configuring devices
• Providing housekeeping services

32
Managing Programs

• Single user/single tasking allows only one
  user to run one program(task) at one time
• Single user/multitasking Allows a single user
  to work on two or more applications that reside
  in memory at the same time
• Multiuser two or more users to be on a computer
  at a time. Only one person has the CPUs
  attention at any given time.
• Multiprocessing operating system that can
  support 2 or more CPUs running programs at the
  same time.

33
Configuring devices

• Device driver software program that tells the
  operating system how to communicate with a device
  such as a printer
• Plug and Play computer recognizes a new device
  and automatically loads the drivers and other
  software

34
Names of operating systems

• DOS text based user interface still in use
  outside of windows
• Windows GUI user interface operating system
• Latest Windows is Windows XP
• MAC OS GUi user interface operating sytem used
  on Macintosh computers
• UNIX Developed at Bell labs is a multiuser
  operating system
• Linux free, multitasking UNIX-Type operating
  system

35
Utility Programs

• Disk defragmenter
• Backup utility
• File compression
• Diagnostic utility

36
Access Questions

• What is a database?
• What is a field, record and table?
• What is a primary key field and Why is it needed?
• What 3 types of information must be known to
  create the structure of a table?

37
More Access Questions

• How is data added to a table?
• How many tables does a database have?
• Why are tables joined?
• More Access Questions
• What is a Query?
• Why are Queries important?
• What is a wildcard and how is it used?

38
More Access Questions

• How do you find various totals?
• How do you add computed fields?
• Be able to do exercises similar to the
  assignments.
• What is the difference between Form view, Design
  view, and Datasheet view?
• Be able to use selection criteria.
• What is a form or a report?

39
PowerPoint Questions

• What is the purpose of PowerPoint?
• How do you insert a new slide?
• What are slide layouts?
• What are slide Designs?
• What is the purpose of a placeholder?
• What various forms can PowerPoint print?

40
Questions

• What are the various Views?
• What is the purpose of Master View?
• What is the advantage of inputting through
  outline mode?
• How do you insert clip art on a slide?
• What is promote and demote?
• Be able to do projects similar to the assignments.

41
Miscellaneous

• How do you create a web page from a Word
  Document?
• How are links added?
• What did we use to do a mail merge in Word?
• Name the 3 ways to embed or link an Excel
  spreadsheet in Word and explain the differences
  between the three results