CHAPTER 7: FILE PROCESSING AND DATABASE APPROACH

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CHAPTER 7 FILE PROCESSING AND DATABASE APPROACH

• I. Introduction
• II. Data storage and management
• A. Fundamentals of data storage
• B. Hierarchy of data storage (Exhibit 7.1)

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• II. Data storage and management (continued)
• C. Field and record characteristics
• 1. Field formats
• 2. Record lengths
• - Fixed-length records (Exhibit 7.2A)
• - Variable-length records (Exhibit 7.2B)
• 3. Record identifiers
• - Primary key
• - Secondary keys

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• II. Data storage and management (continued)
• D. Data management
• 1. Objectives of data management
• (Exhibit 7.3)
• 2. Approaches to data management
• - File-oriented approach (Exhibit
  7.4)
• - Database approach (Exhibit 7.5)

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• III. File-oriented versus database approaches
• A. Types of files (Exhibit 7.6)
• B. The file-oriented approach (Exhibit 7.7)
• C. The database approach
• 1. Database fundamentals (Exhibit 7.8)
• 2. Advantages of the database approach
  (Exhibit 7.9)
• 3. Disadvantages of the database approach
• (Exhibit 7.9)

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• IV. File organization access methods
• A. File storage and access basics (Exhibit
  7.10)
• B. Sequential file organization
• 1. Storage of sequential files
• 2. Processing of sequential files (Exhibit
  7.11)
• 3. Advantages disadvantages

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• IV. File organization access methods
  (continued)
• C. Random access file organization
• 1. Storage of random access file (Exhibit
  7.12)
• 2. Processing of random access files
• 3. Advantages and disadvantages
• D. Indexed sequential file organization (ISAM)
• 1. Storage and processing of ISM files
  (Exhibit 7.13)
• 2. Advantages and disadvantages

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• V. Database management systems
• A. Conceptual modeling for database design
• - Entity-relationship approach
  (Exhibit 7.14)
• - Object-oriented modeling (Exhibit
  7.15)
• B. Logical modeling for database design
• 1. Hierarchical model (Exhibit 7.16)
• 2. Network model
• - simple (Exhibit 7.17)
• - complex (Exhibit 7.18)
• 3. Relational model (Exhibit 7.19)

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• V. Database management systems (continued)
• C. Database normalization (Exhibit 7.20)
• 1. First-normal-form (1NF) (Exhibit 7.21)
• 2. Problems with 1NF
• 3. Second-normal-form (2NF) (Exhibit 7.22)
• 4. Problems with 2NF
• 5. Third-normal-form (3NF)
• (Exhibits 7.23 and 7.24)

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• V. Database management systems (continued)
• D. Physical database design and
  implementation
• E. Maintenance of a database
• F. DBMS languages and interfaces
• 1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
• 2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• (Exhibit 7.25)
• 3. Data Query Language (DQL)
• 4. Structured Query Language (SQL)
• (Exhibits 7.26 and 7.27)

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• V. Database management systems (continued)
• G. DBMS control security