Japans Energy Supply

1
Japans Energy Supply Demand Prospect and
Energy Environmental Technology Development
CAETS/NTVA Seminar on Global Energy Foresight May
26-27, 2004

• Mamoru Akiyama
• President, the Institute of Applied Energy
• Member of the Board of Directors, Member of the
  Task Force on Basic Energy Strategy, Engineering
  Academy of Japan

2
Contents

• 0. Introduction
• 1. Present Status of Energy Supply and Demand
• in Japan and its Prospect
• 2. Factors Resources, Economics, Environmental
• Capacity and Safety
• 3. Role of Technology and Development Efforts
• by the Government
• 4. Activities on Energy Strategy
• 5. Conclusions and Recommendations

3
Fig-1 Trend of Energy Supply in Japan
Source EDMC
4
Fig-2 Total Energy Flow in Japan(1999)
Source EDMC
5
Fig-3 Basic Structure Relating to
3E(Energy,Economy,Environment) in Japan
Source IAE
6
Fig-4 Energy Consumptionof Industries in Japan
Source EDMC
7
Fig-5 Energy Consumptionof Transportation in
Japan
Source EDMC
8
Fig-6 Energy Consumptionof Households and
Business in Japan
Source EDMC
9
Fig-7 Nuclear Perspectives for 2,050 (One case
study in Nuclear 2,050 Vision, by Japan Atomic
Industrial Forum)
10
Fig-8 Kinds and Features of Control Factors
11
Fig-9 From Mode-1 to Mode-2
Deployment
Development
Discovery, Solution
Application, Combination
Theories
Principles
Societal Needs and Curiosities
Phenomena
Propositions
Theorems
12
Fig-10 Japans RD System in Science Technology
for Energy and Environment
Source IAE
13
Fig 11 NEDO (New Energy Industrial
Technology Development Organization)
Function of making intermediate and/or long-term
technology strategies
Source NEDO
14
Fig12 Energy Saving Technology Development in
Japan
Source METI
15

Fig-13 Energy Saving by adopting Top Runner
Program
Source ECCJ
16
Fig-14 New Energy Supply Plan in Japan
Source METI
17
Fig15 Hydrogen Introduction Scenario for Cars in
Japan
Cars in General
0.4Bill Nm3/y
6.5Bill Nm3/y 17Bill
Nm3/y
2005 2010
2020 2030
Official Use, Bus
Compact Car, Commercial Car
Number of Cars Applied
Several Hundreds
3,500
8,500
5 Mill
15 Mill
500Nm3/h level
50,000
Type of Cars
100Nm3/h level
300Nm3/h 20 500Nm3/h 80
300Nm3/h 80 500Nm3/h 20
Capacity of Hydrogen Station
Demand of Hydrogen
Number of Station
Source METI
18
Fig-15 (1) Fuel Cell Vehicle using Hydrogen
Source Tokyo Gas Corp.
19
Fig-16 Main Projects of Japan Nuclear Cycle
Development Institute
FR Cycle RD
Fast Reactor
MOX Fuel
Fuel Fabrication
Prototype Fast Reactor MONJU
Plutonium Fuel Center (Tokai Works)
Experimental Fast Reactor JOYO
RD on FR Fuel Reprocessing
Spent Fuel
CPF, RETF (Tokai Works)
Plutonium
Spent Fuel
HLW
Reprocessing Center (Tokai Works)
Geological Disposal System
HLW Disposal RD
LWR Fuel Reprocessing
LWR
Source JNC
20
Fig-17 High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor
Objective
Establishment of HTGR technology Accumulation
of long-term operation data Demonstration of
inherent safety feature
Control room
Establishment of heat utilization technology
Demonstration of hydrogen production system
Major specification
Thermal power 30 MW Fuel Coated fuel
particle /
Prismatic block type Core material
Graphite Coolant Helium Inlet temperature
395 ?C Outlet temperature 950 ?C
(Max.) Pressure 4 MPa
Spent fuel storage pool

• Nov. 1998 First criticality
• Dec. 2001 30MW, 850?
• 2004 Outlet temp. 950? planned

Containment vessel
Intermediate heat exchanger
Reactor pressure vessel
JAERI
21
Fig-18 Advanced Boiling Water Reactors at TEPCO
Kashiwazaki/Kariwa
22
Fig-19 Clean Coal Technology
Problems related to coal
Global warming
Acid rain
Draw back of handling coal as a solid Improve
handling
Coal ash generation
Tasks
Reduction in CO2 emission
Reduction in SOx and NOx emissions
Improve handling
Coal ash treatment
Technology development
Technologies to improve heat efficiency
Technologies concerning desulfurization and
denitration
Technologies concerning liquefaction,
gasification and slurrying
Technology to efficiently utilize coal ash
Pressurized fluidized-bed combined power
generation technology Advanced pressurized
fluidized-bed combined power generation technology
Technologies to produce artificial super-light
aggregates Technology to utilize ash from
fluidezed-bed boilers Technology to produce
active fly ash etc.
Coal gasification combined power generation
technology Coal gasification fuel cell technology
Electric power field
Low emission coal energy utilization system
Coal-fired gas dust collection technology under
high temperature
Advanced flue-gas treatment technology
Advanced coal reforming technology etc.
CWM technology Hydrogen production technology
with CO2 recovery by utilizing coal
Multi-purpose coal conversion technology (for
general industries) Coal liquefaction, DME (for
transportation fuel) etc.
Next-generation technologies
Advanced coal conversion technology to produce
coke (for the steel industry) Fluidized-bed
cement kiln technology (for the cement industry)
etc.
Industry field
Source METI
23
Fig-20 Concept of Green-fuel Production
Source IAE
24
Fig-21 Outline of Energy Basic Plan

• Established in October 2003 by the Requirement of
  Energy Basic Law
• 2. Strategic Policy for Energy Type, as
  Follows,
• Nuclear Energy as Principal Power Generation.
• New Energy as Supplementary Role in Power
  Generation, needing Further Development.
• Saving Energy is Promoted to Meet the Best
  Available Technology (Top Runner Program).
• Distributed Energy System and Hydrogen Energy
  Potentially
• Play a Big Role in the Future.

Source IAE
25
Fig-22 Activities in EAJ/SCJ and Related Studies
Source IAE
26
Fig-23 Hoped-for advanced information basis on
energy

• Need for advancement
• Accurate information is needed for maintaining
  appropriate policies, establishing and/or
  implementing plans, and its evaluation.
• Current status of information basis on energy
• Truly needed information is short still in the
  sea of information.
• Credibility of information may be questionable.
• Initiatives for advancement
• Alliance of the related think tanks in Japan,
  and creating function of the central key station
• Establishment of linkage between Japan's
  network and global networks
• Action plans
• Starting to link global networks while
  networking in Japan
• Efforts to harmonize all the members in Japan's
  network and regular up-date of information
• Desirable direction
• Cooperation with people in various areas of
  specialization and/or standpoint when proceeding
  to inter-disciplinary level
• Continuous development of information system
  and its implementation as well as daily operation
  on information gathering, analysis and provision

Source IAE
27
Concluding Remarks

• More reasonable and acceptable criteria for
  evaluating the policies and action programs on
  energy RD investment, such as those based on
  life cycle assessment and on long term
  technological assessment, are needed
• Energy analysis is important, such as the ratio
  of output and input for each kind of energy in
  use in our society as well as for every potential
  energy in future, for selecting more adaptable
  energy with respect to social activities and
  natural environment
• Advanced basis for collecting, analyzing,
  evaluating necessary energy information, and for
  disseminating the accurate, reliable and thus
  widely usable and acceptable energy information
  i.e., a strategic platform on energy
  information, will play inevitable role
• Members associating in CAETS are expected to
  start planning and forming such inter-intra
  national platform on energy information, and thus
  contribute for mitigating or even solving many
  serious energy and environmental problems in
  future.