Navigating the Periodic Table

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Navigating the Periodic Table
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September
2004
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The horizontal rows of the periodic table are
called PERIODS.
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The elements in any group of the periodic table
have similar physical and chemical properties!
The vertical columns of the periodic table are
called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.
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Periodic Law
When elements are arranged in order of increasing
atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in
their physical and chemical properties.
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Atomic Number

• The atomic number is the number of protons in the
  nucleus of an atom of an element
• All atoms of a particular element have the same
  number of protons
• What is the atomic number of lithium?

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Elements classified as metals and nonmetals.
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Alkali Metals
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Alkaline Earth Metals
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Transition Metals
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Halogens
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Noble Gases
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Atomic Number

• The atomic number is the number of protons in the
  nucleus of an atom of an element
• All atoms of a particular element have the same
  number of protons
• What is the atomic number of lithium?

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• Elements are organized on the periodic table by
  increasing atomic number.

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Key for each element

• 13
• Al
• 26.98
• Aluminum

• 13- Atomic number tells us the number of protons
  and electrons
• Al- Chemical Symbol- abbreviation for name
• 26.98- Atomic mass number of protons number of
  neutrons
• Aluminum- Chemical name

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Properties of Metals

• Shiny luster
• Good conductors of electricity and heat
• Malleable (changes shape without breaking when
  hit with a hammer)
• Ductile (can be stretched into a wire)
• All of these properties result from loosely held
  valence electrons in metals

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Properties of Nonmetals

• Dull in luster
• Bad conductors of electricity and heat
• Not Malleable or Ductile (can be stretched into a
  wire)
• All of these properties result from more tightly
  held valence electrons in nonmetals