Dictation

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Dictation

• Study Warns of Heart Disease Danger From Dirty
  Air

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Part ?

• A new study shows that air pollution may be more
  of a risk for heart disease than scientists have
  thought. The research involved more than 65000
  women in the United States. Kristin Miller, a
  doctoral student at the University of Washington
  in Seattle, was the lead author of the study. She
  says the study showed that____________________.

disease risk was related not just to which city
a woman lived in, but also where in the city.
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• The study found that estimates of the effects of
  air pollution were often larger within cities
  than between cities. _________.The new findings
  lead some experts to suggest that current
  pollution limits may not be strong enough.

Yet averages between cities have served as the
main measure of the long-term effects of
pollutants.
4

• The New England Journal of Medicine published the
  study. The scientists examined rates of heart
  attack, stroke and other cardiovascular events in
  women with long-term exposure to air pollution.
  ___________.

The cardiovascular system is the heart and all of
the passages that carry blood through- out the
body.
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• The study involved women over the age of 50 who
  had no sign of cardiovascular disease at the
  start of the research. The study followed the
  women for as long as nine years to see how many
  developed cardiovascular problems.

6

• The researchers used information from a
  government project, the Women's Health
  Initiative. The researchers also examined levels
  of fine particles in the air in 36 areas across
  the country. That information came from the
  Environmental Protection Agency. The extremely
  small particles come from industrial smoke and
  traffic along with things like wood-burning
  fireplaces in houses.

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• In the study, every ten-microgram increase in
  pollution was linked to a 24 increase in the
  risk of a cardiovascular event. ____________.

But it was related to a 76 increase in the risk
of death from cardiovascular disease.
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• But just how do particles in the air damage the
  cardiovascular system? Douglas Dockery and Peter
  Stone at Harvard University in Massachusetts
  offer some theories in a related report. They say
  the particles may cause the lungs to swell and
  release chemicals from the pollutants into the
  blood. The chemicals then could damage the heart.

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Movie Time Nelson Mandela
What do three numbers 27,71, 1994 mean to Mandela?
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Movie Time Nelson Mandela
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What do three numbers 27,71, 1994 mean to Mandela?
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Movie Time Nelson Mandela
Q1 What does the word apartheid mean?
South African system of racial segregation.
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Movie Time Nelson Mandela
Q2 What is ANC?
A black organization against the white minority
government.
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Movie Time Nelson Mandela
Q3 What is special about Mandela?
That blacks should work with whites for a better
South Africa.
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Listening Focus drawing inferences
Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of WWW
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College students are familiar with the initials,
WWW, which stand for World Wide Web. But do you
know who invented this? According to the magazine
Time, Tim Berners-Lee was the creator.
Tim Berners-Lee is_______________________ but not
good at random connection, such as linking
names and faces. _________________________________
, he wrote some software--- a memory
substitute---in 1980. A decade later,
_________________________________.
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It is todays World Wide Web, which could prove
as important as the printing press. Yet so far,
____________. He has not appeared on the cover of
any magazine. He has a small office at M.I.T,
_______________________________________.
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College students are familiar with the initials,
WWW, which stand for World Wide Web. But do you
know who invented this? According to the magazine
Time, Tim Berners-Lee was the creator.
Tim Berners-Lee is_______________________ but not
good at random connection, such as linking
names and faces. _________________________________
, he wrote some software--- a memory
substitute---in 1980. A decade later,
__________________________________
extremely intelligent
In order to keep track of such links
It took a great leap, growing to cover the
World.
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It is todays World Wide Web, which could prove
as important as the printing press. Yet so far,
_______________________________________ He has
not appeared on the cover of any magazine. He has
a small office at M.I.T, _________________________
______________.
Most of the wealth and fame coming from the web
have gone to people other than him.
Where his nonprofit
group helps and guards the Web.
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1.We can learn form the passage that Tim
Berners-Lee___________

• was asked to write software for the World Wide
  Web in the 1980s.
• did not expect his software to develop into the
  World Wide Web.
• intended to invent something as big as the World
  Wide Web in 1980s.
• wanted to make his memory substitute grow into
  something as big as the World Wide Web from the
  beginning.

v
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2.We can infer from the passage that Tim
Berners-Lee___________

• is a generous scientist.
• is a little known hero of the information age.
• has a poor memory.
• cares nothing for money and fame.

v
3.The speaker thinks that Tim Berners-Lee_________
__

• deserves more public recognition and more money
  from the Web.
• Should get most of the money coming from the Web.
• Is greatly wrong.
• Is the greatest inventor of the information age.

v
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Speaking FocusDescribing Past Events
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A Broken Tube

• Put the sentences in Correct Order

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• One morning I was attending a sociology lecture.
• I raised my hand and challenged his argument.
• The tension was eased and the lecture ended
  early.
• The professor suggested beating disobedient
  children to punish them.
• The whole class was shocked into silence.
• Suddenly the light over my head shattered into
  pieces inside its case.

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• Ill never forget the day when
• It all started when
• This happened on
• We used to
• The worst thing that ever happened to us is
• Did I ever tell you about the time I

• What actually happened?
• What did you do/say then?
• How do you feel at that time?
• Thats interesting!
• Thats amazing!
• Really?