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Welcome to the Yaskawa Training Café
on Application Overview Centrifuge

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Application Overview Centrifuge
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Theory of Operation - Centrifuge

• What is the purpose of a centrifuge?

• To separate substances of different densities
  using centrifugal force (Speed up the settling
  process)
• The material to be separated is placed in a
  container, called a bowl or basket.
• The material is spun at high speed, generating
  high "G" forces.
• Heaviest particles are forced to the outside wall
  of the bowl while lighter particles are forced
  towards the center.
• Collection of the separated materials has many
  different methods that can vary with centrifuge
  design.

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Types of Centrifuges
1. Basket (Batch) Used to separate solids from
liquids, where a screen or filter can be used.
(Cyclic type operation) 2. Decanter (Horizontal
or Vertical Bowl) Used to separate solids from
liquids. (Continuous type operation) 3.
Vertical Disc Used to separate solids from
liquids and separate different density
liquids. (Continuous type operation) Most
centrifuges will fall into one of these three
categories.
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Basket Centrifuge
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• A Common Basket Centrifuge

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Basket Centrifuge Operation

• Centrifuge accelerates and slurry is fed into the
  basket.
• Centrifugal force drives the liquid through the
  perforated basket wall (and filter).
• Liquid drains and is pumped away
• Amount of solids on the basket wall is detected
  to determine when to start the next phase of the
  cycle. (Sometimes this is done based solely on
  time.)

Filtration
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Basket Centrifuge - Operation

• The material is sometimes washed then accelerated
  to drying speed.

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Basket Centrifuge - Operation

• The basket is decelerated to a slow speed, and
  the solid material is Plowed out of the basket
  through openings in the bottom.

• Plowing is achieved by slowing the basket
  (typically 50 RPM) and scraping the bowl surface
  with a "plow".

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Basket Centrifuge Application Data

• Typical Cycle

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Basket Centrifuge - Configuration
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Basket Centrifuge Other Uses

• Sedimentation
• Sometimes a solid wall basket is used for solids
  which are very fine or have poor filtering
  characteristics.
• The slurry is driven to the basket wall.
• Liquid is forced over the top of the basket while
  the heavier solids are retained within.

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Basket Centrifuge- Application Precautions

• One drive and motor for the basket
• Very high reflected inertia
• Very high torque demand during the plowing cycle
• Regeneration during deceleration
• Dynamic Braking ( often gt 10 duty cycle)
• Regeneration Modules (RC5 DC5)
• Common Bus

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Basket Centrifuge Uses / Industries

• Sugar Processing
• Food Processing
• Parts Cleaning

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Decanter Centrifuge
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Decanter Centrifuge - Two Main Types

• Horizontal

• Vertical

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Decanter Centrifuge - Two Main Parts
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Decanter Centrifuge - Operation

• Slurry enters into the center of the rotating
  screw conveyor and is discharged into the
  centrifuge through nozzles.

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Decanter Centrifuge - Operation

• Centrifugal force causes the material to
  separate.
• The conveyor moves the solids to the tapered end
  where they are thrown out.
• Clear fluid flows out the other end.

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Horizontal Decanter Centrifuge - Configuration
http//www.centrifuge.com/Training.htm
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Decanter Centrifuge- Application Precautions

• Two drives, one for the bowl and one for the back
  drive (scroll)
• The bowl has a very high reflected inertia
• The back drive is often in continuous
  regeneration, as it usually runs at a slower
  speed than the bowl, and is pulled along by the
  material in the bowl.
• Torque limiting and torque feedback on the back
  drive is very important
• Some configurations require zero-speed operation
  of the back drive (differential gearbox)
• Common DC bus
• Dynamic braking or regen modules if bowl is NOT
  driven by a drive, therefore common DC bus is not
  an option
• Speed search feature often required for bowl
  and/or scroll

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Decanter Centrifuge Uses / Industries

• Oil / Solids separation (oil well drilling,
  refining, de-watering)
• Wastewater Treatment
• Food Processing (Olive oil, wine, fruit juice)
• Fish Processing (fish meal, fish oil)

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Vertical Disc Centrifuge
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Vertical Disc Centrifuge - Operation
Typical Duty Cycle of Vertical Disc Centrifuge

• Liquid or slurry enters into the top of the
  centrifuge.
• The higher density solids get pinned against the
  outer bowl wall.
• The lowest density liquids are forced through the
  discs and back out through the top.
• Higher density liquids are retained in the space
  between the discs and the solids and can be piped
  out.
• A centrifuge of this type may also be
• known as a clarifier, purifier, or
• concentrator.

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http//www.hutch-hayes.com/vertical_disc_applicati
ons.htm
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Vertical Disc Centrifuge - Equipment
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Vertical Disc Centrifuge- Shoot Cycle Animation

• Some centrifuges of this type can momentarily
  split the outer bowl which shoots the solids
  out of the bowl.

http//www.hutch-hayes.com/vertical_disc_applicati
ons.htm courtesy CONTEC 2004
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Vertical Disc Centrifuge - Application Precautions

• One drive for the discs and bowl.
• Very high reflected inertia.
• Instantaneous increase in load during a shoot
  cycle which results in a rapid slowing of bowl
  and discs.
• Torque limiting may be useful to limit motor
  current and help recovery during a shoot cycle.
• Speed search feature often required.

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Vertical Disc Centrifuge - Uses / Industries

• Dairy (Cream separators)
• Food Processing (de-pulping of fruit juice,
  clarification of apple juice, wine clarification)
• Marine (remove water from fuel / oil)
• Offshore Oil (remove oil from water)
• Environmental (remove oil from water)
• Machine Tool (remove fine metallic particles from
  coolant)

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Centrifuge - Benefits when Applying a Drive

• Standard motor can be used, eliminating specially
  designed "controlled torque" motor, hydraulic or
  mechanical drive.
• Operating speed can be adjusted for optimum
  performance.
• For decanter centrifuge, torque limiting provides
  protection of back drive scroll.
• Dynamic braking and regeneration capability can
  eliminate or reduce size of mechanical brakes.
• For basket centrifuge, hydraulic motor along with
  required plumbing can be eliminated.
• Speed search improves recovery after a momentary
  power loss.

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Centrifuge Technical Details

• Dynamic Braking Duty Cycle (deceleration)

• Braking Torque Calculation (deceleration)

Where Wk2 Moment Of Inertia reflected to the
motor (lb-ft2) ?n Change in motor speed
(RPM) ?t Required deceleration time
(Seconds) Braking Torque will be in units of
lb-ft
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Centrifuge Technical Details

• RC5 Information 80 of rated power
  (Continuous) 100 of rated power (For 60
  Seconds, 25 Duty Cycle) 150 of rated power
  (For 30 Seconds) Up to 100 HP _at_ 460V, 50 HP _at_
  230V Requires 2 reactors, fusing MOV
  assembly
• Common Bus Preliminary Information All drive
  power must come from a common breaker /
  disconnect To meet UL, all drives must have
  properly sized input fusing 3 input reactor
  may be required to force rectifier current
  sharing

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OEM Centrifuge Products
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Centrifuge OEM Product
The SS800 is primarily for use in the
environmental waste management industry but has
found applications in many other areas as well.
It is ideal for abrasive, sandy conditions and
environmental applications were larger abrasive
solids require separation. The SS800 features an
18" x 28" (457mm x 711mm) stainless steel
rotating assembly driven by a 60 HP Marathon
Explosion Proof motor.
Decanter Centrifuge- Combination Fluid Processing
Unit

• Features
• Has a rated flow capacity of 251 gallons per
  minute (950 litres per minute)
• Capable of producing 2617 G's at 3200 rpm
• Low amperage draw during start up and changes to
  rpm during operation mode due to Variable
  Frequency Drive (VFD)
• Precision balanced auger and bowl assembly
  producing vibration free performance and longer
  operational service
• VFD allows for speed changes of the centrifuge
  and feed pump during operation to achieve optimum
  performance
• Available adjustable stand allows for proper
  operational centrifuge height that enhances
  solids and liquid gravity discharge
• Stellite wear liners used in all high wear areas
  such as solids discharge ports and feed nozzles

• Controls
• The F7 Yaskawa Variable Speed Drive
• All controls are readily accessible to the
  operator
• Integrated keypad LCD readout allows the operator
  to control the main drive, back drive and pump
  drive separately through a series of easy to
  usecommands and computer prompts
• Individual gauges for speed and unit torque allow
  for easy monitoring
• Drive is housed in a steel weather-proof cabinet
  and positioned for safe operator usage.

• Feed Pump
• Heavy duty Gorman Rupp Pump
• Centrifuge utilizes a 3" x 3", 20 HP Variable
  Speed Pump Drive specifically manufactured to
  deliver pre- selected volumes to the centrifuge.

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Centrifuge OEM Product
Decanter Centrifuge- For High Solids Content
Mars Tech Decanter Centrifuge Decanters
centrifuges are suitable for higher solids
content in the process feed material and are
available for two phase or three phase liquid
solid separation. Mars Tech offers decanter
centrifuges for waste oil, oily waste, refinery
tank bottom sludge, fish meal and fish oil,
sludge dewatering, olive oil, wine and fruit
juice, drilling mud, chemical slurries,
industrial and biological wastewater.
http//www.marstechusa.com/decanter.html
Mars Tech Division of Kendale and Co., Inc. 216
Strawtown Road, New City, NY 10956
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Vertical Disc Centrifuge
MOPX 213 High Speed Disc Bowl Centrifuge oil
purification
Alfa Laval MAB 104 solids retaining centrifugal
separator
Alfa Laval MAB 103, MAB 104 centrifuge complete
with feed/discharge pump and fittings for
connection to a pre-heater
http//www.marstechusa.com/mab100.html
Mars Tech Division of Kendale and Co., Inc. 216
Strawtown Road, New City, NY 10956
Working Principle Separation takes place in a
solids-retaining bowl that can be arranged for
either clarification or purification. In both
cases, the contaminated oil is fed into the
separator through the center and it is separated
by centrifugal force into various phases. The
heaviest phase (sludge and water) is forced
outwards to the perimeter of the centrifuge bowl.
The accumulated sludge is periodically removed
from the bowl by hand.
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