Hazardous Waste Identification Basics

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Hazardous Waste Identification Basics
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What is a hazardous wasteTitle 19 section 1560

• Is a solid waste or a combination of solid waste
  which because of its quantity, concentration,
  physical, chemical or infectious characteristics
  may

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Hazardous Waste continues

• An increase in mortality or an increase in
  serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible
  illness
• When improperly treated, stored, transported,
  disposed of or managed may present potential
  hazard to human health or the environment

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All hazardous waste fall into one of 2 categories

• Listed Hazardous Waste
• Characteristics Hazardous Waste

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Listed Waste

• Complete listing 40 CFR Part 261.31
• Sometimes regulated more stringently than a
  characteristic waste.

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Listed Waste

• F List
• K List
• P List
• U List

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Listed Waste

• F list (40 CFR 261.31)
• Common industrial spent Solvents
• From a non-specific source
• Materials used for their solvent properties not
  as ingredients to produce a product

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Listed Waste

• K list (40 CFR 261.32)
• Spent materials, process waste, and by-products
  from specific source
• Industries
• Manufacturing
• Production Operations

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P- List U- List

• (40 CFR 261.33) (e)(f)
• P list Unused, acutely hazardous commercial
  chemical products. For example aldrin, a
  chemical used as an agricultural insecticide.
• U list Used, commercial chemical products. For
  example, DDT and formaldehyde.
• Only applies to formulations in which the listed
  chemical is the sole active ingredient.

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What If?

• Your waste isnt on any of the List
• It may still be subject to regulation as a
  hazardous waste if it exhibits certain
  characteristics

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Characteristic Waste

• Waste that do not appear on any of the list but
  are regulated because they exhibit certain
  hazardous characteristics

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The 4 characteristics of hazardous waste
Ignitability
Reactivity
Toxicity
Corrosivity
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Ignitability

• Waste code D001 (40 CFR 261.21)
• Liquids with a flash point less than 140 F (60
  C)
• Solids capable of combustion through friction,
  absorption of moisture, or spontaneous chemical
  changes
• Ignitable compressed gasses
• DOT oxidizers

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Examples of Ignitable wastes

• Glues, Resins, and epoxies solvents
• Paints, stains Varnish
• Shop Rags
• Empty propane cylinder (non-vented)
• Calcium hypochlorate

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Corrosivity

• Waste code D002 (40 CFR 261.22)
• Aqueous waste with a pH ? 2 or ? 12.5
• Liquid waste that corrode steel at a rate greater
  than 6.35mm/year at 55 C

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Examples of corrosive waste

• Acids hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric
• Bases potassium, hydroxide, sodium
  hydroxide
• Halogens bromine, chloride, fluorine, iodine

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Reactivity

• Waste code D003 (40 CFR 261.23)
• Normally unstable
• May react violently or form explosive mixtures
  with water includes alkali metals, potassium,
• Sodium, lithium
• Generates toxic gases, vapors, or fumes when
  mixed with water
• May detonate or explode when subjected to
  initiating force or heated under confinement

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Toxicity

• Waste code D004 through D043 (40 CFR 261.24)
• Applies to waste having potential to leach toxic
  constituents in excess of establish regulatory
  levels
• 8 heavy metal (arsenic, barium, cadmium,
  chromium, lead, mercury, silver, and selenium, 32
  organics ( pesticides, solvents, and other
  industrial chemicals)

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Toxicity continues

• Potential for leaching toxic constituents is
  based upon EPA test method 1311- Toxicity
  Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP)

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Example of toxicity characteristic waste

• Paints with heavy metals
• Nickel-cadmium batteries
• Mercury containing lamps
• Pesticide residue or rinsate

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Earlier

• We said that listed waste are sometimes regulated
  more stringent than characteristic waste lets
  explore this a little further.

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Rules

• Mixture Rule
• Derived-from Rule

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Mixture Rule

• 40 CFR 261.3 (a) (iv)
• What happens if you mix a listed waste with any
  other solid waste?

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Mixture rule answer

• The entire mixture becomes subjected to
  regulations as hazardous waste
• EXAMPLE
• 1 quart of spent methylene chloride (F002)
  500gallons of used oil 500.25 gallons of
  hazardous waste

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Mixture rules continues

• Mixtures of characteristic waste and a solid
  waste are only hazardous if the mixture exhibits
  the characteristic

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Mixture rule and derived-from rule exclusions

• These exclusions are found at 40 CFR 261.3 (g)
  (h)
• However, remains subjected to LDRs

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Derived-from Rule

• 40 CFR 261.3(C) (2)(I)
• States
• Any solid waste generated from the treatment,
  storage, or disposal of a hazardous waste is also
  subject to regulation as a hazardous waste.

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Derived Rule Continues

• Characteristic waste treatment residues are not
  haz waste if the characteristic is no longer
  present (LDRs still apply).

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Steps for waste identification

• Check the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for
  product information
• Check with your supplier/manufacturer
• Read the product label
• Compare product information with the listed waste
  hazardous waste characteristic in 40 CFR 261

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Exposure to toxic waste

• May be
• Acute
• Chronic exposure

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Acute Chronic exposure

• Acute - Generally one-time, high level
  symptoms/results are usually (but not always)
  immediate
• Chronic exposure - Usually low-level over period
  of time symptoms/results may be delayed for
  years

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Routes of Exposure

• Inhalation
• Absorption
• Ingestion

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Inhalation

• Provides the most direct and rapid way for
  introducing toxic material into the body
• Most vulnerable are workers who respond to
  hazardous material incidents

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Absorption

• Chemicals that come into contact with our skin,
  eyes or mucus membrane

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Ingestion

• A direct rout for toxins to enter our body
• Avoid drinking in areas where hazardous materials
  are handled

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Types of toxic materials

• Irritants
• Sensitizers
• Anesthetics
• Asphyxiants

• Systemic Poisons
• Carcinogens
• Mutagens
• Teratogens

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Irritants

• Cause inflammation of membranes
• Effects can range from dermatitis to death from
  pulmonary edema or pneumonia

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Allergic Sensitizers

• Triggers the immune mechanism and cause sever
  allergic reaction
• Reaction can involve skin or respiratory system

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Anesthetics

• Cause depression of the central nervous system
• High concentration can lead to coma and death

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Asphyxiants

• Deprive tissues of oxygen
• Examples
• Monoxide
• Carbon dioxide
• Nitrogen

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Systemic Poisons

• Toxic agents that act upon specific target organs
  or organ system

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Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens

• Carcinogens- agents that can cause cancer
• Mutagens disrupt or impact the genetic makeup
  of germ cells
• Teratogens impact the formation of developing
  embryos or fetuses.

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Conclusion

• ID
• How?
• Where?
• Why?