Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune Disorders
Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Associate Professor
of Pathology Fiji School of Medicine
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Introduction

• Immune response against self antigen resulting in
  Tissue damage.
• Single organ or systemic multi organ.
• Common in females.
• Normally immune system is tolerant to self
  antigens (learns during fetal development).
• Autoimmune disorders result from Defective
  tolerance, cross reacting antibodies or antigenic
  mimicry.

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Immunodeficiency AIDS
Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Senior Lecturer in
Pathology Fiji School of Medicine
4
Introduction

• Serious, persistent, unusual, recurrent
  Opportunistic infections.
• Secondary causes more common.
• Antibody deficiency Bacterial inf.
• Cell Mediated imm def. viral / fungal
• AIDS infection by HIV virus destruction of T
  helper cells deficiency of humoral CM
  immunity.

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Introduction

• Specific Immune System
• Humoral
• Cell medicated
• Non-Specific Immune System
• Phagocytes
• Complements
• Single or multiple component deficiency.
• Susceptibility - Opportunistic infections.

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Classification

• Primary Deficiencies (Inherited)
• B cell defects Ig def. Bacterial infections.
• T cell defects T cells. Viral fungal
  infect.
• Combined defects T B
• Secondary Deficiencies (Acquired) T
• Malnutrition Protein
• Immunosuppressive therapy, drugs.
• Infections viral, chronic bacterial, malaria.
• Chronic diseases Diabetes, Malignancy.

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AIDS
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History

• 1979 Increased Kaposi sarcoma and Pneumocystis
  carinii infections in homosexuals noted in
  Africa.
• 1981 First case in California.
• gt 30 million in world 1999 increasing
• 0.01 incidence in Australasia
• 67 in Sub-Saharan Africa!

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Kaposi Sarcoma
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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Toxoplasmosis - Brain
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Anorectal Herpis simplex
13
Atypical Mycobacteria
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Pneumocystis carinii
15
Clinical Course of AIDS
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Pathogenesis
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HIV-Gene
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HIV
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Retrovirus Replication
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Immune Response to HIV