PC Assembly

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PC Assembly Troubleshooting

• Presented by
• Erich Tesky
• Jane Jadack
• Dusty Borglum

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• How many of you have built a computer or have
  taken one apart?

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Outline

• Introduction
• Components/Hardware
• Assembly (Step-by-Step)
• Troubleshooting/Configuration
• Questions???

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Introduction

• Dusty User experience (MIS 491)
• Jane Network Administrator and Computer
  Technician
• Erich Student web developer and lab maintenance

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Components/Hardware
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Components/Hardware

• Case
• Power Supply
• Motherboard
• CPU (Processor)
• System Memory
• Video/Sound Card
• Hard Drives (Main Storage)
• Secondary Storage (Cd Drives, ...etc)

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Case

• Material
• Size/Form Factor
• Desktop
• Tower
• Full tower
• Micro
• Layout
• Must match layout of motherboard
• (ATX AT MicroATx..etc)

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Power Supplies

• Also called a power supply unit (PSU)
• Power supply pulls the required amount of
  electricity and converts AC current to DC current

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Power Supplies

• Also regulates the voltage to eliminate spikes
  and surges
• Rated in terms of the number of watts they
  generate
• 430 Watts

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Motherboards

• The main circuit board for a computer
• Contains
• Connectors for attaching additional boards
• CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces,
  serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and
  all other controllers required to control
  standard peripheral devices
• All chips on the board are called the chipset
  collectively

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Motherboard

• AT
• -Old standard
• ATX
• Current standard
• ITX
• Micro
• BTX
• Future standard

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CPU (Processor)

• Central Processing Unit
• Brains of the computer
• Makes calculations
• On PCs CPU is housed in a single chip called the
  microprocessor
• Examples
• AMD Atholon, Duron, Sempron, Optron
• Intel Pentium III, IV, Celron

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CPU (Continued)

• Three basic characteristics differentiate
  microprocessors
• Instruction Set
• The set of instructions that the microprocessor
  can execute
• Bandwidth
• The number of bits processed in a single
  instruction
• Clock Speed
• Given in MHz
• Determines how many instructions per second the
  processor can execute
• The higher the value the more powerful the CPU

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SCSI Interfaces

• Small Computer System Interface
• Attaching peripheral devices to computers
• Provides faster data transmission rates (up to
  80MB per second)
• Can attach many devices to a single SCSI port so
  it is really an I/O bus rather than simply an
  interface

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Serial ATA

• A serial link
• Single cable with a minimum of 4 wires
• Creates a point to point connection between
  devices
• Transfer rates begin at 150MBps

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PC Memory

• DIMM/SIMM Memory
• Dual-Inline Memory Module (64 bit path)
• Single-Inline Memory Module (32 bit path)
• Small circuit board that holds memory chips
• Pentium processor requires 64 bit path so if
  using SIMM memory, you must install two at a time

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Graphics Cards

• Printed circuit board that, when installed,
  permits the computer to display graphics
• Higher memory interface needed for real time 3-D
  graphics for gamers (you know who you are)

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Sound Cards

• Expansion board that enables a computer to
  manipulate and output sounds through speakers
• Required for nearly all CD-ROMs

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Sound Cards

• Nearly all sound cards support
• MIDI
• SoundBlaster compatible
• DeFacto standard
• Use two basic methods
• FM Synthesis
• Wavetable Synthesis

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Drives and Storage

• Two types
• Internal
• External

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Drives and Storage

• Internal Hard Drives (HDD)
• 60GB to 400GB storage capacity
• Reads and writes data on a hard disk
• Generally have seek times of 12 milliseconds or
  less
• Most Common IDE or SCSI

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Drives and Storage

• External Hard Drive
• 40GB 300GB storage capacity
• Same as internal hard drive but utilizes a USB
  port

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Drives and Storage

• Other types of drives and storage
• Floppy Drives
• Reads and writes 1.44 MB floppy disks
• Internal or external
• Zip Drives
• Supports large zip disks (100 MB of storage)
• External or internal

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Drives and Storage

• Internal CD-WR Drive
• Compact Disk drive that can read and write
  information to a disk
• Compact disk can be deleted and new data can be
  written to the disk
• Average standard
• 52X Max Write Speed
• 32X Max Rewrite Speed
• 52X Max Read Speed

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Drives and Storage

• Kinds of CD Drive storage
• Recordable CD Drives
• CD/WR
• CD/R

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Drives and Storage

• DVD RW Drives
• A drive that enables you to create and burn your
  own DVD movies on the appropriate media
• Can read both CDs and DVDs

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Assembly
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Assembly

• Tools
• Prepare case
• Power Supply
• Assemble motherboard (integrated)
• Mount motherboard
• Attach cables IDE.etc
• Mount hard drives / secondary storage

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Tools

• Screw driver
• Various sizes and types
• Needle nose pliers
• Static band
• Ground yourself
• Pull ties (optional)

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Prepare Case

• Clean case
• Soap water
• Compressed air
• Install motherboard stand offs in appropriate
  locations
• Insert port shield that corresponds with
  motherboard ports
• Optional (remove case front bezel)

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Power Supply

• Most of the time it comes with the case
• If not, it should be the first thing into the
  case
• Could have one or
• two plugs for
• motherboard

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Assemble Motherboard

• Add
• Processor
• Specific orientation to the socket
• Fan
• Use caution, steady hand, different types of
  mounting
• Memory (RAM, System Memory)
• Notches match up
• Some motherboards have slot configuration
  requirements for multiple memory modules.
• Advanced memory management often requires memory
  modules of same type, size, and manufacture

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Mount Motherboard

• Slide in and make sure it resting on its stand
  offs without any flex in the board

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Cables

• Attach cables to motherboard
• Storage drives
• Floppy, hard, CD-ROM
• Power supply cord (one or two plugs)
• Case LEDs and switches
• Intergrated sound card cable to CD drive
• Expansion slots

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Mount Hard Drives

• 1st determine primary and secondary controller
• 2nd set OS drive to master with jumper pins
• 3rd slide drive into slot and connect cables that
  is attached to the motherboard
• 4th attach drive to center plug

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Expansion Cards

• Optional
• Sound card
• Video card
• Network card
• Modem
• Controller card
• Etc

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Troubleshooting/Configuration
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Troubleshooting/Configuration

• Bios
• Power Subsystem
• Memory System
• Storage / retrieval
• Output /Sound /Display
• Input / Data Entry
• Computer Environment

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Bios

• Central nervous system of a computer
• Common bios
• AMI
• PHOENIX
• Award

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Bios

• Features Examples
• Boot order of Devices (hard Drive, CD/DVD-rom ,
  Floppy , USB.etc
• Port / Controllers / IRQ Management (Resource
  allocation or Plug Play features)
• Processor / Memory bus speeds
• Onboard components
• Power Management
• Security

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Power Sub System
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Power Issues

• Dead Power Supply (
• Fans are running typically it is Ok
• Fans not Running use a multimeter or have it
  tested)
• General Instability
• Heating Issues
• Read Write errors

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Memory Systems

• Heart of the PC
• Generally the more memory available in a system
  the more programs system can run and faster it
  will be.
• Issues
• Memory Standards
• Motherboard Requirements
• Configuration
• Size

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Storage / Retrieval

• Initial configuration of the hard drive
• Primary / Secondary controller
• Primary / slave configuration
• Power

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Output /Sound /Display

• Example Issues
• Incorrect AGP (standard for the card /
  motherboard)
• Manifests as bios beep ususally and or inability
  to see anything
• Conflicting components
• Sound cards / Video card / Network Card

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Input / Data Entry

• Keyboard / mouse not detected
• Usb Devices

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Computer Environment

• Temperature
• Sunny window example
• Quality of air
• Dust, pet hair
• Compressed air
• Static electricity
• Surge protection
• Power cord

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Software

• Generally hardware either works or it doesnt ,
  so the majority of issues usually arise from
  software package interactions , and the periodic
  coruption of the operating system.

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Sources

• Bestbuy.com
• Webopedia.com
• Intel.com
• Howstuffworks.com
• Newegg.com
• Pcmech.com

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Questions