NOVEL DESIGN IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

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NOVEL DESIGN IN
DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES

• BY
• NADA
• UMAMAHESHWARI

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New Technology

• Technology developments that significant
  influence MSW operations Bioengineering (SWANA)

No Waste
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In contrast, our industrial system functions
primarily in a linear fashion.
Make
Take
Waste
Only 6 of material flow in ends up in products
Take natural capital, structured valuable
material, and process it into unusable waste
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BIOREACTOR LANDFILL

• Florida Landfill bioreactor- demonstrate a
  project , both aerobic and anaerobic
• Compare qualitative advantages and
  disadvantages-directly
• California ,Yolo county completing a full-scale
  ,12ac. bioreactor landfill module
• Second phase will be constructed in the next 2
  yrs

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LFG Conversion Equipment

• Keys to success of BE projects is effectively use
  output potential of the biogases.
• Department of Energy (DOE)-controlled landfilling
  reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by
  50-100million tons of CO2
• Cost effective (1 -5/ton) of CO2 tenfold
  lower than other options

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Investment

• Large landfill justifies cost of large
  pretreatment systems and turbines, convert the
  LFG into usable and marketable energy .
• Report SWANA , only quarter of total LFG
  generated is captured ,converted,
• and used

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• Small landfills and closed landfills need
  collection system too
• Microturbines tests demonstrate NOx levels of
  only 1.3ppm (50ppm for typical reciprocating
  engine),10-20 times less .
• Capstones line of microturbines helps small
  landfill operators.(35KW ,60KW ,and now 200KW).
• They can be equipped with options for the user to
  recover waste heat for purposes as office space,
  water.

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In-Vessel Anaerobic Digestion

• Microturbines are sized for small landfills.
  (common in Europe)

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Advantages of microturbines

• No NOx emissions
• Require virtually no maintenance
• They can be installed or relocated with little
  effort

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A Valorga facility in Freiberg, Germany
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Full-scale systems in 7 European countries

• Biogas generated by any of its facilities
  designed to compost 500 tpd of MSW
• Produce 2.5MWof electricity per hour

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Australia

• The SWERF system produces syngas to be converted
  into electric power or used as stream or as a
  chemical feedstock.

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Goal SWERF (Solid Waste and Energy Recycling
Facility )

• SWERF plants utilize waste that would otherwise
  cause disposal and emission problems and produce
  electricity
• It captures 100 of the total syngas produced
  from the conversion of the organic waste
• Resulting in production of landfill gas over 15
  -25 yrs .

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SWERF- System Block Diagram
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Mechanical Biological Treatment Systems

• A new approach to recover value from waste, has
  been used mainly in Austria, Germany and
  Switzerland .

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What is MBT?

• MBT systems consist of a mechanical stage, where
  recyclables and rejects (batteries, tyres etc.)
  are separated to leave an organic fraction.
• This fraction is then sent, in the biological
  stage, for treatment using composting and
  digestion techniques.
• These systems provide a new generation of
  integrated waste management technology able to
  reduce landfill and mass burn incineration and to
  increase recycling and composting.

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Advantages of MBT

• The process offers many benefits to customers,
  including
• -the ability to avoid incineration and
  still comply with the Proximity Principle
• -a practical route to achieving the
  mandatory diversion targets established by the
  Landfill Directive
• -Increased materials and energy recovery as
  a sustainable waste management option

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Gas Combustion

• United Kingdom
• 1976, the first incidences of flaring of landfill
  gas occurred
• New flare system required supplier to have and
  emissions analysis carried out.
• Germany
• Using flare systems for controlling landfill gas
  migration
• Install advance liquid gas-scrubbing

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SMART flare

• Incorporate exhaust gas recycle and combustion
  air staging to reduce NOx emissions and allow
  higher primary combustion zone temperatures.

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Hong Kong

• Used air stripping method to remove ammonia from
  landfill leachate
• Process can be controlled to achieve required
  removal rates
• Not sensitive to toxic substances
• Process may be able to meet total nitrogen
  standards