Race and Ethnicity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 60
About This Presentation
Title:

Race and Ethnicity

Description:

'race is self-identification by people according to the race or races with which ... race resides within the individual and cannot be infringed on by the State. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1543
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 61
Provided by: sta895
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Race and Ethnicity


1
Race and Ethnicity
2
  • Race A category of people who have been singled
    out as inferior or superior, often on the basis
    of physical characteristics such as skin color,
    hair texture, and eye shape.

3
  • Perceived biological characteristics that
    distinguish people
  • Not scientific fact race is murky business

4
Concept has no validity in the human species
  • race is self-identification by people according
    to the race or races with which they most closely
    identify or are Identified
  • What are "Races"?

5
So why study it?
  • We all live racially structured lives
  • 2 major myths
  • 1. any pure race
  • 2. any superior race

6
  • Affects life chances education, health,
    religious views, occupation, longevity

7
  • Dominant Group Group that is advantaged and has
    superior resources and rights in a society.
    Perceptions of innate superiority, ability to
    oppress minority group members, ability to
    control political power

8
  • Ethnic Group A collection of people
    distinguished by others or by themselves on the
    basis of cultural or nationality characteristics
    (e.g., language and religion)

9
  • Subordinate Group minorityA group whose
    members, because of physical or cultural
    characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected
    to unequal treatment by the dominant group.

10
Continuum of race relations
11
  • Ethnic PluralismThe coexistence of a variety of
    distinct racial and ethnic groups within one
    society.

12
  • Assimilation A process by which members of
    minority groups become absorbed into the dominant
    culture and distinction disappears.

13
Blocked Assimilation
  • SegregationSpatial and social separation of
    categories of people by race, ethnicity, class,
    gender and/or religion.

14
Internal Colonialism
  • Occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group
    are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed
    under the economic and political control of the
    dominant group within a country

15
Native Americans Example of Internal Colonialism
  • 1830 Indian Removal Act - Called for relocation
    of all Native Americans to land west of the
    Mississippi.
  • In the Trail of Tears, the U.S. Army rounded up
    all 16,000 Cherokees and marched them to
    Oklahoma.
  • 4,000 Cherokees died.
  • 1890 Wounded Knee ended the war and resulted in
    placement on reservations.

16
  • Genocide The deliberate, systematic killing of
    an entire people or nation.

17
Global example
  • Worse Than War Genocide

18
  • What are the driving forces behind these
    varieties of race relations?

19
  • Prejudice A negative attitude based on faulty
    generalizations about the members of selected
    racial and ethnic groups.

20
  • RacismA set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices
    that is used to justify the superior treatment of
    one racial or ethnic group and the inferior
    treatment of another racial or ethnic group.

21
The Vicious Cycle of Racism
22
Cycle leads to
  • Discrimination Actions or practices of dominant
    group members that have a harmful impact on
    members of a subordinate group.

23
Construction of Race U.S.
  • From Eugenics to Human Genome Project
  • Race The Power of Illusion

24
History of race in the U.S.The 20th Century

25
  • Theory of racial formation - actions by the
    government substantially define racial and ethnic
    relations -- the politics of race
  • But social protest movements help to rearticulate
    our understanding of race
  • See -- www.jimcrowhistory.org

26
  • Between 1892 and 1921 -- estimated 6,000
    Lynchings of African Americans
  • From Slavery to Jim Crow to Civil Disobedience
    -- Civil Rights Acts of 1964 1965

27
As of 2000 the U.S. Census allows for
multi-racial classification
  • Today over 6.4 million Americans report being
    multi-racial U.S. Census

28
  • Almost two million interracial marriages

29
  • In 1967, there were still sixteen U.S. states
    that had laws on the books banning interracial
    marriage. That year the US. Supreme Court
    unanimously struck down laws banning interracial
    marriages with these words "The freedom to
    marry, or not marry, a person of another race
    resides within the individual and cannot be
    infringed on by the State.

30
Mildred and Richard Lovingscase led the U.S.
Supreme Court to strike down laws against
interracial marriages
31
  • 1998 - South Carolina voted to abolish its
    symbolic law against miscegenation
  • 40 voted to keep it
  • 2000 Alabama 32 percent voted to keep it.

32
How Far Have We Come?
Majority of Americans describe Obama as our first
Black President
What does this tell us About our understanding Of
race in America?
33
"One-drop rule American social and legal
custom of classifying anyone with one black
ancestor, regardless of how far back, as black.
Source Thinking About Race 1998
34
A Color Blind Society?
  • His (Obama's) election demonstrates America's
    extraordinary capacity to renew itself and adapt
    to a changing world," said former U.N. Secretary
    General Kofi Annan.

35
Are We really Post Racial?
  • Obama isn't 'post-racial.' He isn't the messiah
    whose coming ends bigotry and inequality for all
    time," Cynthia Tucker Atlanta Journal-Constitutio
    n .

36
Symbolic Ethnicity
  • a nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the
    immigrant generation, or that of the old country
    a love for and pride in a tradition that can be
    felt without having to be incorporated in
    everyday behavior
  • Herbert
    Gans

37
Mertons types of discrimination and prejudice
  • Non-prejudiced/ non-discriminator all weather
    liberal
  • Non-prejudiced discriminator fair weather
    liberal
  • Prejudiced Non-discriminator fair weather
    bigot
  • Prejudice Discriminator - all weather bigot

38
Theories
  • Dollard
  • frustration aggression
  • Unable to strike out at real source of frustration

39
  • Scapegoat A person or group that is incapable of
    offering resistance to the hostility or
    aggression of others.

40
Adornos Authoritarian Personality Type --
  • excessive conformity, submissiveness to
    authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level
    of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking.

41
  • Stereotypes rigid mental image Overgeneralizations
    about the appearance, behavior, or other
    characteristics of members of particular
    categories.
  • e.g., all blonds are dumb, all blacks are good
    athletes..

42
Social distance
  • The extent to which people are willing to
    interact and establish relationships with members
    of racial and ethnic groups other than their
    own. Bogardus Scale

43
Hartley Study
  • Wallonians, Denierians, Perenians.. Significance
    of Study
  • Humans have shown a universal ability to be
    prejudiced against people they have never met!

44
  • Bobo and Klugel found
  • Younger and More Educated score lower on the
    Social Distance Scale. less prejudiced

45
  • Individual Discrimination One-on-one acts by
    members of the dominant group that harm members
    of the subordinate group or their property.

46
  • Institutional DiscriminationDay-to-day practices
    of organizations and institutions that have a
    harmful impact on members of subordinate groups.

47
Why do White Americans Have more wealth than
minority groups? Luck or a history of
Institutional Racism?
  • Does White Privilege Exist? Tim Wise

48
Feagins types
  • Isolate harmful action by a dominant group
    member and is supported by other dominant group
    members in the immediate community. (e.g., a
    judge who gives harsher sentencing to members of
    a minority group)
  • Small-group - similar but not supported by other
    members of the dominant group -- e.g., racially
    motivated vandalism

49
  • Direct Institutionalized e.g., intentional
    exclusion of people of color from public
    institutions
  • Indirect - unintended consequences such as
    special education classes that were intended for
    students with various disabilities but some
    claim they have resulted in segregation

50
Home Ownership
  • Housing Segregation still taking place
  • ghettos with grass - Whites move out of
    suburban neighborhoods when blacks and Latino(a)
    residents move in.
  • Institutional Racism Wealth

51
Most Racially Segregated Metropolitan Areas
52
Who Are We Today?
  • Latino Americans
  • If we include those also here illegally, the
    number of Latinos in the U.S. is estimated to be
    45 million largest minority group
  • The Bureau predicts they will number more than
    96 million in 2050.

53
Diverse group
  • For example Mexicans or Chicano/as (largest
    segment -- approx. 2/3), Puerto Ricans (since
    1917 have been able to move freely to and from
    the mainland), Cubans (different experiences
    according to their class origins before
    immigration)

54
  • Asian Americans -- fast growing ethnic minority
    group -- Also very diverse group -- some
    examples
  • Chinese -- transcontinental railroad, gold rush
    / Japanese -- 120,000 internment camps
  • Korean kye represents a strong sense of
    community
  • Filipinos - over one million
  • Indochinese -- Vietnamese, Cambodians, Thailand,
    Laos.. More recent immigration

55
  • African Americans (African descent) or Blacks
    (Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, the Caribbean)
    -- unique and different experiences in that while
    both have experienced discrimination (recent
    example of Haitian refugees) African American
    experiences have distinct relationship of slavery
    and Jim Crow

56
  • Blacks have a 375-year history on this continent
    245 involving slavery, 100 involving
    discrimination, and only 30 involving anything
    else. Historian Roger Wilkins

57
Starting the conversation by acknowledging
privilege
  • Why is it so hard to talk about race?
  • How do we open the conversation?
  • A Helpful Resource http//pewresearch.org/pubs/1
    240/sotomayor-supreme-court-affirmative-action-min
    ority-preferences
  • http//colorandmoney.blogspot.com/

58
  • http//www.npr.org/templates/dmg/dmg.php?prgCodeA
    TCshowDate20-Dec-2002segNum6NPRMediaPrefRM

59
  • Growing Pains?
  • By 2056 the roots of the average U.S. resident
    will be from everywhere except Western
    Europe..... Today 5 workers for every one Social
    Security recipient -- by 2020, 3 for every 1 and
    the three will be non-white

60
Another view
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vMf6H47hXa3UNR1
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com