Part I Epidemiology

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MEXICO

• Part I Epidemiology

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History

• Civilizations date back to 15,000 B.C.
• Last of these empires, the Aztecs, fell to
  Spanish conquest in 1521
• Was a Spanish colony for 300 years until Mexican
  Revolution in 1810

www.encarta.msn.com
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Mexico Facts

• Government Federal Republic, also composed of 31
  states governments
• Economy Free market, dominated by private sector
• Major industries food and beverage, tobacco,
  chemicals, iron steel, petroleum
• Population 107,449,525 (est.)

www.cia.gov
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Top 10 Causes of Death

• Heart Disease - 16.4
• Complications of Diabetes - 13.1
• Cancer - 12.9
• Traumatic Injury - 7.4
• Liver Disease - 6.2
• Stroke - 5.7
• Perinatal complications - 3.5
• COPD - 3
• Pneumonia Influenza - 2.6
• Kidney failure - 2

www.unboundedmedicine.com
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Comparison criteria

• Location Western Hemisphere
• Size Population
• Economy GDP per capita

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Population
www.who.int
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GDP per capita
www.who.int
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Life Expectancy at Birth
World Average 64.77
www.cia.gov
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Infant Mortality Rate
World Average 48.87
www.cia.gov
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HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis
NE Not Endemic
www.globalhealthfacts.org
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Problems

• Overall, Mexico appears to be fairly healthy in
  comparison to similar countries
• Among Indigenous Mexicans (30 of the pop.)
• 30 higher mortality rate than rest of the
  population
• Infant mortality rates nearly twice as high as
  rest of population
• 40 of pop. lives below the poverty level
• 24 of pop. lives on lt 2 per day
• Why is there such a difference in health
  outcomes?

www.paho.org
, www.cia.gov
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Wealth Distribution
www.encarta.msn.com
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Gini Coefficient
Mexico GINI coefficient 49.5
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Causes of inequality

• 1982 failing economy gained attention of World
  Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Implemented Structural Adjustment Programs
  (SAPs)
• Caused reduction in public expenditures,
  privatization of most state expenditures
• Massive transfer of resources from salaried
  population to owners of capital
• Caused gap between rich and poor to steadily
  increase

The Development GAP for the Social Summit in
Copenhagen.
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1994 Election

• Following election of Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de
  Leon government devalued the peso
• Result was another near economic collapse
• Steep cuts in social services including
  education, healthcare, and subsidies on basic
  food items
• Most hurt by these cuts were the impoverished

www.encarta.msn.com
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Border Health
www.borderhealth.org

• Mexico United States border region defined as
  62.5 miles on either side of geographic border
• If the border region was a 51st US State, it
  would rank
• Last in access to health care
• Second in death rates due to hepatitis
• Third in deaths related to diabetes
• Last in per capita income
• First in the number of school children living in
  poverty
• First in the number of children who are uninsured

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Positive Outlook

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• U.S. firms directing some attention away from
  Asia and towards Mexico
• PROGRESA Mexicos health, nutrition, and
  education program
• Provides aid to impoverished Mexicans

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Questions?Comments?