Epidemiology%20and%20Public%20Health%20Introduction,%20Part%20II

1
Epidemiology and Public HealthIntroduction,
Part II
2
Changing Patterns of Community Health

• Health patterns in constant state of flux
• Infectious versus chronic diseases
• Population and age-related

3
Chain of Infection

• Etiological agent
• Source/Reservoir
• Portal of exit
• Mode of transmission
• Portal of entry
• Susceptible host

4
(No Transcript)
5
Modes of Transmission

• Contact transmission
• Vehicle transmission
• Vector transmission

6
(No Transcript)
7
Classes of Epidemics

• Common source (vs. sporadic)
• Point source
• Intermittent
• Continuous
• Propagated

Your Assignment Define these terms identify
which apply to the following three graphs
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
Disease Investigation

• Establish diagnosis
• Identify specific agent
• Describe according to person, place and time
• Identify source of agent
• Identify mode of transmission
• Identify susceptible populations

12
Epidemiology and Clinical Practice

• Clinical practice dependent on epidemiology
• Epidemiology defines natural history of disease
• Even descriptive information is useful

13
The Epidemiologic Approach

• Multistep process
• First - determine association
• Then prove causation
• Not all associations are causal
• Examine validity, false assumptions-
• e.g. - fluoride in water

14
Analytic Studies

• Type of study
• Design
• Analysis of data

15
Epidemiology and Prevention

• Identify high risk populations
• Modify risks
• Prevent exposures

16
Levels of Prevention

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

17
Levels of Prevention (contd)

• Primary
• Involves halting any occurrence of a disease or
  disorder before it happens

18
Levels of Prevention (contd)

• Secondary
• Health screening and detection activities

19
Levels of Prevention (contd)

• Tertiary
• Retard or block the progression of condition