Geotechnical Engineering

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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering

• Geotechnical Engineering
• BAA 3513
• Chapter 3 Shallow Foundation Analysis and Design
  Part 1

Muzamir bin Hasan, M.Eng. Lecturer
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Shallow Foundations

• Foundation design for transferring load from
  structure columns to the soil

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Shallow Foundations

• Shallow Foundations versus Deep Foundations

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Shallow Foundations

• Factors in Selection of Foundation
• Type of foundation shallow, deep
• Condition of supportively soil
• Design size of the proposed structure
  measurement, loading
• Capital
• Factor of Safety

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Shallow Foundations

• Shallow Foundation
• Terzaghi D ? B
• Other researchers - D ? 4 -5B

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Shallow Foundations
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Shallow Foundations
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Shallow Foundations
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ADVANTAGES OF USING SHALLOW FOUNDATION

• 1- Cost (affordable)2- Construction Procedure
  (simple) 3- Materials (mostly concrete)4- Labor
  (does not need expertise)

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DISADVANTAGES OF USING SHALLOW FOUNDATION

• 1- Settlement2- Limit Capacity Soil
  Structure3- Irregular ground surface (slope,
  retaining wall)4- Foundation subjected to
  pullout, torsion, moment.

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Shallow vs. Deep Foundations
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Shallow Foundations

• Usually the more economical option
• As a general rule, consider deep foundations only
  when shallow foundations do not give satisfactory
  design
• Types of Shallow foundations
• Spread footings (square, circular, rectangular)
• Combined Footings
• Continuous Footings
• Mat or Raft Foundations

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Combined/Strap Footing
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Construction Methods

• Excavation Backhoe followed by handwork
• Neat footing-no formwork used
• Formed footing

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Mat (or Raft) Foundation