Do you know the topic today

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Do you know the topic today?

• What is the similarity among these drinks?

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The above drinks contain .
Alkanol
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Introduction

• Alkanols
• Alcohols
• General Formula
• CnH2n1OH
• or (R-OH)
• Functional Group - the hydroxyl group
• R-OH

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IUPAC System of Naming

• Choose the longest continuous carbon chain
  containing the -OH group
• Final -e of the corresponding alkane name is
  changed to -ol

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IUPAC System of Naming

• Examples
• CH3OH methanol
• CH3CH2OH ethanol
• CH3CH2CH2OH propan-1-ol
• CH3CHOHCH3 propan-2-ol

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IUPAC System of Naming

• Name the compound
• Answer 2-methylpropan-2-ol

CH3 CH3 - C - CH3 OH
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Structural Isomerism

• Examples C3H7OH have 2 structural isomers

H H H H - C - C - C - H H H
OH propan-1-ol
H H H H - C - C - C - H H OH
H propan-2-ol
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Structural Isomerism

• Quick check Write down all the possible
  structural isomers of C4H9OH

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Structural Isomerism
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 OH butan-1-ol
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 OH butan-2-ol
CH3 CH3 - CH - CH2 OH 2-methylpropan-2-ol
CH3 CH3 - CH - CH2 OH 2-methylpropan-1-ol
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Effects of Alcoholic Drinks

• All are poisonous
• Methanol (CH3OH) is toxic
• All alcoholic drinks contain ethanol
• Small amounts have relaxing effect, but
• Large amounts is dangerous
• Taken in large amount has an immediate bad effect
  of mental and physical performance.

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Effects of Alcoholic Drinks

• It affects the normal functioning of the nervous
  system
• Excessive drinking of alcohol over a long period
  of time, leads to damage of liver and loss of
  memory
• People may become addicted to it
• Many health, family and social problems are due
  to these alcoholics

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Advice

• SO DO NOT Drink

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Manufacture of Ethanol

• Ethanol from ethene
• Ethanol from Fermentation

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Ethanol from ethene

• Industrial ethanol is formed from ethene, a
  petroleum product.
• The flow diagram for ethanol manufacture by
  direct hydration of ethene

Ethene ?
Condensor ethanol water
Furnace
Reactor
steam ?
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• The chemical equation

CH2CH2 H2O ? C2H5OH
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Ethanol from fermentation
Fermentation is the slow breakdown of large
molecules to smaller molecules by micro-organism.
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The sources are used

• Ethanol has been made by fermentation for several
  thousand years.
• The raw material is some form of starch or sugar
  such as

wheat
rice

potatoes
grapes
apple
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barley
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-Different Source can make different Alcoholic
drinks.
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Micro-organisms used Yeast

• Zymase is an enzyme present in yeast.
• Act as catalyst.
• Conditions room temperature and pressure.
• Converts sugar to alkanol and CO2.
• For example Glucose C6H12O6 ,
• C6H12O6(aq) ? CH2CH2OH (l) ? CO2 (g)

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Fermentation of glucose in laboratory
Lime water
?
CO2
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How to obtain a max. concentration of ethanol
from fermentation

• The yeast is killed when the proportion of
  ethanol reaches about 15.
• To obtain a further concentration of the
  solution, fractional distillation is used.
• Max. concentration of the distillate is about
  96.
• Pure ethanol (absolute ethanol) is obtained by
  using CaO (drying agent) to removed the traces of
  the water.

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Uses of Alkanol
1. Physical Uses

Solvents Beverage
2. Chemical Uses
Fuel Vinegar Synthesis Ester Synthesis
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1. Physical Uses
A. Used as Solvent
Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)contains
OH
A. Polar Group
? Water Soluble
B. Non-Polar Group
CH3CH2
? Oil Soluble
Hence, Ethanol is Soluble in Both water and Oil
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1. Physical Uses
B. Used as Bervage
Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)contains
Ethanol is used as bervage because of its
? GOOD TASTE
? PROVIDE A RELEX SENSE
Hence, ethanol is used as Bervage
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2. Chemical Uses
A. Used as Fuel
Because burning of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is highly
exothermic
CH3CH2OH O2
CO2 H2O
As much heat is given out from the above
reaction, ethanol can be burnt as fuel
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2. Chemical Uses
C. Used in preparation Ester
Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) react with Ethanoic
Acid to form Ester
The Ester formed can be used as a food favoring .
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2. Chemical Uses
C. Used in synthesis of Vinegar
Because Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) react with Oxidizing
agent to form Ethanoic acid
CH3CH2OH
The Ethanoic acid formed is used as a main
component in Vinegar.
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Revision
Introducing Alkanols

• The general formula CnH2n1OH or ROH
• The molecule consist of a functional group - the
  _______ group (-OH) joined to an ____ group (R-) .

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Revision
Introducing Alkanols

• The general formula CnH2n1OH or ROH
• The molecule consist of a functional group - the
  hydroxyl group (-OH) joined to an alky group (R-)
  .

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Press the pink button
Wrong!?
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Revision
Press the pink button
The general formula of alkanol is A. CnH2nOH B. Cn
H2n2OH C. CnH2n1OH D. CnH2n-1OH
A
B
C
D
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Correct!?
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2. Ethanol can be formed by two methods. They are
?
?
Hydration of ethene
Fermentation
Equation
Equation
CH2CH2 H2O ? C2H5OH
C6H12O6(aq)? CH2CH2OH (l) ? CO2 (g)
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The FIVE uses of Ethanol
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Used as Solvent
Used as Bervage
Used as Fuel
Used in preparation Ester
Used in synthesis of Vinegar
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The End
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Course edd5161RGroup 5Members

• 1. 97126620 Ching Yuk Tong Kenneth
• 2. 97035210 Kwok Siu Ping
• 3. 98263550 Law Kin Keung
• 4. 98029430 Tin Shuk Yan