3Lojfb

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3Lojfb

• 3Lo k0ffnL kf?ksf jfnx?

2
3
3
cyft
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
tNnf OsfO
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d"Vo kZgx?

• sGbM
• sGbdf stf zlQm lglxt x'g'k5
• sGbdf stf ft fwg x'g'k5
• sGbdf stf /sf/sf j?k x'g'k5
• sGbdf OsfOx?sf kltlglwTj s/L /xg'k5
• sGbdf OsfOx?sf jfosf /If0f s/L
  ul/g'k5
• OsfOx?
• OsfOx?df stf zlQm lglxt x'g'k5
• OsfOx?df stf ft fwg x'g'k5
• OsfOx?df stf /fli6o lgsfox? rflnt x'g'kb5
  
• cfkL DaGw / dgd'6fjsf Jojyfkg s/L ul/g'kb5
  
• OsfOx?df sGbn xtIfk ug s'g clwsf/
  /xg'kb5 -x'G5_
• qmd0fsfnsf Jojyfkg s/L ug

5
jkyd of s/L aGb5

klxNo ag/ /xsf OsfOx? a Ps eP/

klxNo ePsf PsfTds /fHox? ljeflht eP/, t/ cnucnu
bz gag/

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rf/j6f bzsf sNkgf ug'xf\
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s'g rflx /fHo u ldNg cfpnf 8
(No Transcript)
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10
cfkm\gf klxrfg sfod /fvL Pp6f /fHo aGg
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cyft\ Pp6f o'Qm bzsf kl/sNkgf u/f
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h'g sxL clwsf/ lxtsf Ifqx?df ljeflht x'gS5
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hn onfO gkm'6fOsg a9L klxrfg / jfoQtf
kbfg u5
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3Lojfb s xf

sdsd b'O txsf /sf/

kTos tx cfkm\gf dtbftfx?tkm kToIf?kdf pQ/bfoL

sxL dfg p2Zosf nflu sGbdf ldlnh'nL /sf/

pgLx?sf cfkm\g jfoQtf lxtsf tNnf txsf
r'gfj Ifqx? ltgLx?sf ljziftfsf Djwg

ljwfgåf/f k0ffnLsf Jojyf ul/Psf

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3Lojfb s xf3Lojfbsf cy jfoQtf

• sdsd b'O txsf /sf/
• kTos tx cfkm\gf dtbftfx?tkm kToIf?kdf pQ/bfoL
• sxL dfg p2Zosf nflu sGbdf ldlnh'nL /sf/
• pgLx?sf cfkm\g jfoQtf lxtsf tNnf txsf
  r'gfj Ifqx? ltgLx?sf ljziftfsf Djwg
• ljwfgåf/f k0ffnLsf Jojyf ul/Psf

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f/sf 3Lo /fHox?
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s/L Dafwg ug

OsfOx?

/fHo

kfGt

Ifq

hldg -hdg_

SofG6fg -jLkmGr_

jfoQ d'bfo -kg_

xfdL æOsfOx?Æ kofu ug S5f

• lu bzM
• 3
• 3Lo u0ftGq
• u7g
• o'Qm u0ftGq
• OsfO /sf/sf kd'vM
• d'VodGqL,
• d'Vo kzfs,
• kwfgdGqL

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efu _at_

• jfoQtfM OsfOx?leq s x'G5

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clwsf/x?

• OsfOx?df stf clwsf/ lglxt x'g'k5
• osf lg0fo s/L ug
• s a OsfOx?Fu pt clwsf/ x'g'k5
• s clwsf/x? k"0ftM lgwf/0f ul/Psf x'G5g\
• s sfg'g agfpg clwsf/ Tosf kofu ug clwsf/
  Fu hfg'k5

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3u DalGwt ki6 ljifox?

• /Iff
• ljbz dfldnfx?
• cfkjf
• d'bf
• /fli6o rf/x?
• xjfO oftfoft
• d'Vo 8sx?
• b"/rf/ cflb

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OsfOu DalGwt ki6 ljifox?

• yfgLo 8sx?
• lSnlgsx?
• kfylds ljBfnox?
• dgf/hg
• jfYojws / fjhlgs jfYo
• 9n cflb
• yfgLo fslts jfnx?

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7"nf OsfOx?sf xsdfM

• dfWolds ljBfnox?
• ljZjljBfnox?
• kz' jfYo
• jghun
• d'Vo 8sx? -7"nf /fhdfux? xfOgg\_

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oL a s'/faf/ klg ls kx/L
slk/fO6
ck/fwL sfg'g
lgjlQe/0f
yfgLo /sf/
OsfOx?aLrsf jGbJofkf/
cfiflwx?
slif
hdLg
kfrLg /Lltlylt
jftfj/0f
cbfnt
sDkgL sfg'g
as
kf/kfr's
Demftfx?
ljh'nL
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clwsf/sf af8kmf8
ljifosf Ps efu Pp6f txdf hfG5 t csf efudf
cs tx, htfM

• OsfO
• zlIfs kzfg / /fhuf/
• yfgLo cktfnx?
• yfgLo kx/L

• /fli6o
• zlIfs t/x?
• vf ljifosf cktfnx?
• /fli6o kx/L

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dfgfGt/ clwsf/

• b'j txsf clwsf/ x'g
• åGå ePdf s x'G5
• ls
• /fli6o sfg'g nfu' x'G5 cyjf OsfO sfg'g
  nfu' x'G5
• bi6JoM w/ dfg clwsf/sf nflu w/ xofusf
  h?/t kb5 .

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afsL /xsf clwsf/x?

• tL clwsf/x? hsf pNnv ul/Psf 5g, Tosf
  kofu sn u5
• x'g S5
• /fli6o dfg?kdf OsfO

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bzsf DefJo Dk"0f clwsf/

• /sf/n kofu ug Dk"0f DefJo clwsf/x?,
  pNnv ul/Psf, pNnv gul/Psf jf jjftf ul/Psf

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o/L ljefhg ug lsg5

• sxL clwsf/ sGbsf nflu "lrst ug / c? afFsL
  OsfOx?nfO lbg
• cyjf of ug lsG5M
• sxL clwsf/ sGbsf nflu "lrst ug, sxL
  dfgfGt/ ?kdf clwsf/ lbg / afFsL /xsf c?
  OsfOx?nfO lbg
• cyjf
• sxL clwsf/ sGbsf nflu "lrst ug, sxL
  dfgfGt/ ?kdf clwsf/ lbg, sxL OsfOx?nfO lbg,
  / pNnv gul/Psf afFsL clwsf/ sGbnfO cyjf
  OsfOx?nfO lbg osf lg0fo ul/g5
• cyjf
• sxL clwsf/ OsfOsf nflu klg 5'6\ofpg, sxL
  dfgfGt/ ?kdf lbg / afFsL sGbnfO lbg

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lbOPsf clwsf/ km/s x'gS5M

• of JojyfM
• on eGbf OsfOx?nfO a9L clwsf/ lbg5
• t/ slt clwsf/ lbg eGg jfn lgDg s'/fdf klg
  e/kb5
• afFsL /xsf clwsf/ s'g txn kfof
• dfgfGt/ clwsf/sf åGåsf jfndf sn lhTof

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TofeP s/L lg0fo ug

Oltxf

fdYo

ft fwg

e"ufn

fdflhs, cflys, fslts ljebsf kslt

fdfGo1fg

/fhgLlts dfntfn

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s a OsfOn dfg clwsf/ kfpg'k5 eGg 5

a s'/fdf dfg?kn ldnsf 3

Ps of b'Oj6f OsfOdf a9L clwsf/ x'G5 .

ljzif OsfOx?

sd ljslt Ifqx? cyjf /fhwfgLdf sd dfq clwsf/
lglxt x'G5

r/0fa4 xtfGt/0f

fdYo a9\b uP cg'f/ OsfOx?n a9L clwsf/
kfpF5g\

xtfGt/0f

sGbåf/f OsfOnfO

OsfOåf/f sGbnfO

kzfgåf/f 5' sfg'gsf lgdf0f

/fli6o sfg'gsf kl/kfngfsf jfndf leGg
OsfOx?sf leGg pQ/bfloTj x'gSb5

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Ifkdf sGb / OsfOx?aLrsf zlQm Gt'ngM

• th'df x'gS5
• sfg'gn eGbf Jofjxfl/s tj/n x'gS5
• cfsf/
• cflys ft
• sGbdf / OsfOx?df /fhgLlts kf6Lx?aLrsf DaGw
• fdYotf
• sGb / kTos OsfOdf pt gx'gS5
• dosf cGt/fndf kl/jtg x'gS5
• Jofjxfl/s jftljstfx?sf kl/jtg Fu
• cbfntsf JofVof cg'f/

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dxTjk"0f Gbz !

• kfoM 3df /fli6o /sf/sf clwsf/sf "rL nfdf
  x'G5
• ef/tM ( ljifox?
• Sofg8fM )
• gfOhl/ofM
• OlyoflkofM _at_!
• ci6lnofM
• dnlzofM _at_ -w/ ljeflht_

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dxTjk"0f Gbz _at_
s'g Pp6f ljzif 9fFrf 5g Û
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OsfOleq

• OsfOsf cfg
• /sf/
• b
• pQ/bfloTj -clwsf/nfO xg csf tl/sf_
• /fli6o ljwfg cg'f/ OsfOsf cfg
• ljwfg
• cbfnt
• lghfdlt jf
• jtGq lgsfox? htM dfgjclwsf/ cfofu
• lrGxx? htf ls em08f
• kf6Lx? lg
• s'g s'g bzdf IfqLo kf6Lx? / /fli6o kf6Lx?
  klg 5g\

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stf vfn /sf/

OsfOdf /sf/sf k0ffnL

/fli6o k0ffnLsf fgf ?k

/fli6o eGbf km/s

lg0fo sn u5

b

slt 7"nf

k"0fsfnLg jf cflzs sfnLg

s osf box? /fli6o bsf klg bo aGg S5g\

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cbfntx?af/ lg

b'O txdf em08 ljNs'n km/s

a cbfnt /fli6o sfg'g cg'f/ agsf x'G5g\ jf

dflyNnf txx? /fli6o sfg'g cg'f/ / tNnf tx
OsfO sfg'g cg'f/ agsf x'G5g\

3Lo dfldnfsf nflu leGb 3Lo cbfntx?
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3Lo / OsfO cbfntsf 9frf !
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3Lo / OsfO cbfntsf 9frf _at_
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3Lo / OsfO cbfntsf 9frf
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s kTos OsfOsf cfkm\gf leGb ljwfg x'g'k5

OsfOx?sf cfgf 5' ljwfg gePsf bzx?

ef/t -sflZd/ afxs_

ci6lnof

Sofg8f

clxnsf gfOhl/of

• OsfOsf cfgf 5' ljwfg x'gSg / ePsf bzx?
• klxnsf gfOhl/of
• cdl/sf
• blIf0f clkmsf
• dnlzof

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ftx?dfly ssf clwsf/ x'g'k5

s'g txsf lgoGq0fdf x'G5M

kfgL

jghun

sfOnf

tn

c? vlgh kbfyx?

• s'g txn s/ p7fpnf -olb eP_
• tnadfg
• sDkgLx?
• laqmLx?
• jfx?
• hldg
• uf8Lx?
• s's'/x?

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efu

• DaGwx?M sGb / OsfOx?aLr,
• OsfOOsfOx?aLr, /
• cGo

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sGbdf OsfOx?

• bsf d'Vo bgdf
• bff bgdf
• /sf/df
• /sf/L lgsfox?df
• lghfdlt jfx?
• lgs
• cbfntx?
• cflb

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/fli6o bsf d'Vo -tNnf_ bgdf

• /fli6o ljwfos Ifqx? -olb s'g ePdf_ / OsfOsf
  ldfgf s/L 5'6\ofpg
• s tNnf bgsf botf se/ hgVofsf cfwf/df
  x'g'k5
• tNnf bgdf stf r'gfj k0ffnL x'g'k5 / on
  sGbdf OsfOx?sf cfjfh k'ofpgdf stf c/
  kfnf
• Psn bo Ifqx?
• dfg'kflts kltlglwTj
• ldlt
• gkfnL cydf ædfg'kfltsÆ

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bff RofDa/ s/L agfOg'knf

OsfOx?sf kltlglwx? dfq ePsf

OsfOx?sf a/fa/ kltlglwTj 5 jf hgVof cg'f/

bff RofDa/sf box? sn 5fG5

OsfOsf dtbftfx?n

OsfO /sf/x?n

OsfO bx?n

bff RofDa/sf box? sf sf x'g

kzfsx?

OsfO fbx?

/fli6o bsf box? dfq
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bff RofDa/n s/L sfd ug'k5

bff RofDa/sf e"ldsfM

OsfOx?sf jfysf kltlglwTjdf dfq Lldt
x'g'k5

ljtt bLo e"ldsf lgjfx ug'k5

bff RofDa/nM

sfg'gdf le6f kofu ug Sg'k5

sfg'gnfO l9nf ug Sg'k5

sfg'gaf/ cfgf wf/0ff /fVg Sg'k5

bff RofDa/sf box?nM

JolQmsf gftfn dtbfg u5

o'Qm ?kdf dt lbG5 olb of eP s a
OsfOx?sf plQs Vofdf dt 5 t

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/sf/u zlQmsf af8kmf8

/fli6o /sf/ dfjzL x'g'k5 eGg jfndf
cfkrfl/s kfjwfg x'g'k5

olb of xf eg s otf kfjwfg 3Lo 9fFrfFu
kToIf DaGw /fVg vfnsf x'g'k5

of kfjwfgsf nflu s kTos OsfOsf bo
x'g'k5

cyjf d'bfosf box?
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gfOhl/ofM 3Lo rl/q

• 3Lo /sf/sf agfj6 cyjf osf s'g klg lgsfox? /
  osf lqmofsnfksf tf/tl/sf otf x'g5, hdf
  gfOhl/ofsf 3Lo rl/q kltljlDat x'g5 .
• ægfOhl/ofsf 3Lo rl/qÆ eGgfn of ljwfgsf
  ! -_ / -_ df pNnv ul/Psf /fli6o PstfnfO
  kj4g ug, /fi6klt jkmfbf/ aGg / gfOhl/ofsf
  kTos gful/sdf of d/f bz xf eGg efjgf
  hufpg gfOhl/ofsf hgtfsf rfxgfnfO a'emfpF5,
  hdf nlvPsf 5 ls

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s'g d'bfo / s'g /fHosf JolQmsf s'g lsldsf
ke'Tj jf xsd rNg 5g .
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cbfntx?df zlQmsf af8kmf8

• fOk -h'g 3Lo /fHo xfOg_ df cbfntsf agfj6
  DaGwdf Psbd s8f lgodx? lyP
• Sofg8f jfRr cbfntn /fli6o agfj6sf
  kltljlDat ub5

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gful/s / k0ffnL

• alt/ asf dfgj clwsf/sf /If0fsf 'lglZrlt
  s/L ug
• cGo OsfOsf dflgsf clwsf/ s'rg ug'sf s'g
  plrt sf/0f 5
• hUufsf kflKtdf
• s'g kzfdf
• lghfdlt jfdf

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sGb -3Lo /sf/_ / OsfOx? cflys DaGw

• s'g rflxF /sf/n s/ nufpg
• s'g rflxFn jftljs ?kdf Tof s/ p7fpg
• cfgf cfosf ?kdf sn s/ /fVg
• OsfOx?nfO klg sGbsf cfosf s'g lxf lbg
  xf ls
• OsfOx?nfO afFWg sfdsf nflu s'g lgsfo x'g'k5
  ls
• jtGq jf Demftf ug lgsfo
• ljwfg, sfg'g jf Jojxf/åf/f yflkt
• s sGbn lbg xofudf s'g zt /fVg' jz xfnf
  
• s s'g dflGjs/0fsf kfjwfg x'g'knf
• OsfOx?sf clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTjsf jfndf a
  OsfOnfO em08 dfgt/df /fVg ls
• s OsfOx?n sGbnfO sxL a'emfpg' knf

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sGb -3Lo /sf/_ OsfOx?df lsg

/fli6o '/Iff

xofu ug'OsfOsf fdYosf zlQms/0f ug'

OsfOx?n ljwfgsf k"0f kfngf ub5g\ eGg
s'/fsf 'lglZrt ug'

dfgj clwsf/

cNkVossf clwsf/

lg/kIftfjfb

/fli6o sfg'g nfu' ug stJo

/fi6n cGt/fli6o pQ/bfloTj lgjfx ugS5 eGg
s'/fsf 'glZrt ug' pbfx/0fsf nflu jftfj/0fLo
GwLx?, /fi63sf '/Iff kl/ifbsf lg0fox?sf
sfofGjog

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OsfOx?df sGb s/L

tnsf s'g sGbLo lgsfonfO clwsf/ lbg jf
OsfOx?leq Grfng ug lbg

cbfntx?

kx/L

lgs

lgjfrg cfofu

dfgj clwsf/ cfofu

dxfnvf k/LIfs

lghfdlt jf

56
s/L

slxn

cfktsfndf

sn jLslt kbfg ug'k5

OsfOsf cg'/fwdf

sGbLo /sf/sf cfg jljjsdf

cJojyfcIfdtf ePsf v08df

stf xtIfk

/sf/nfO x6fpg

b eË ug

kToIf zfg ug

lgs axfn ug

zflGt / '/Iffsf nflu

s'g bjL ksfksf nflu cflb
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/sf/sf ljleGg txx?aLr s/L dGjo ug / dgd'6fj
lgk6\ofpg

/sf/sf OsfO kd'vx?sf ef

sfd rnfp cyjf lgoldt

ljzif1x?sf Nnfxsf/ ldltx?

/sf/x?dGqfnox?aLr Demftfx?

sfg'gL ?kdf gafFlwPsf

s'g vf dgd'6fjsf nflu ljzif srx/Lx?

dgd'6fjnfO lgoldt cbfnt lgk6\ofpg

/sf//sf/aLrsf dgd'6fj fem jfRr cbfntdf
nfg

-bi6JoM Pp6f bzdf cgsg pkfox? x'g Sb5g\ ._

58
efu

• OsfOx?sf Vof, cfsf/ / ldfgfx?

59
OsfOx? gkfndf 5nkmnsf d'Vo ljifo odf
slGbt 5

• s 3Lo gkfn otf blvg' k5

60
cyjf otf 61
ls otf 62
otf kf ug ls 63
otf xf ls 64
OsfOx?M dxTjk"0f jfnx?

• sltj6f
• cfsf/
• cfwf/
• ldfgfsf lgwf/0f
• ldfgfsf kl/jtg
• slt txx?

65
bff txdf sltj6f OsfOx?

b'O6f dfq htf

klxnsf kflstfg

rsfnfeflsof

tfGhflgof

G6 ls6\ / gle

tLg htf

klxnsf gfOhl/of

w/ htf

ef/t

?

cfw'lgs gfOhl/of

• b'O
• cly/
• tLg
• Pssf lj?4 b'O
• w/
• sGb Psbd zlQmzfnL x'G5

66
OsfOx? slt 7"nf x'g'k5

Defjgfx?

a 7"nf cfsf/sf

a fgf cfsf/sf

cGt'lnt / ldlt

• tTjx?
• fgf OsfOx?sf sd fdYo
• /fhgLltsdLx?nfO fgf OsfOx? sd dgkg S5
  -hn /fli6o /ue"ldx?df rflnt x'g lg0fo
  ugS5_
• fgf OsfOx?n /sf/nfO hgtfsf glhs Nofpg
  u5

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sltj6f tx

s'gsf b'O tx dfq 5g\

pbfx/0fsf nflu Sofg8f

yfgLo /sf/ x'gS5 fob OsfOx?n lg0fo ug
s'/f

s'gsf tLgj6f x'G5

htf ef/t clxn krfotx? / gu/kflnsfx? 5g\

tLgj6f tx eof eg 7"nf OsfOsf fdYosf
kmfObfx? / fgf OsfOsf hgtfsf fldKotf b'j
kfpg lsG5

68
ssf cfwf/df ldfgfx? to ug

e'ufn

rf/

kfslts ldfgfx?

ftx?

Oltxf

cfg ftn kzfg wfGg Sg

åGå x'gSg sf/0fx?nfO k/ fg'

hfltotf / efiff

wd

69
gfOhl/ofsf jfndf hfltotf / ldfgf
70
gfOhl/of o/L '? eofM
71
Tokl5 Pp6f /fHo ylkof kl5 au/L !_at_ j6f eof
72
Tokl5 !(, Tokl5 / clxn

• bi6JoM gfOhl/of dt PsfTds /fHoaf6 '? ePg .

73
gfOhl/ofM efiffut d"xx? / /fHosf ldfgfx?
74
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75
s 3Lojfb g clt sGbLos/0fu h'Wg Pp6 dfq
pkfo xf t

ljsGbLs/0f

hfkfg, jL8g / cGo w/ bzx?df /fd/L yflkt
eOssf

s km/s 5 t

ljwfgn '/Iff gu/sf

sfg'g agfpg Lldt clwsf/ dfjz x'gS5

76
qmd0fsfnsf Jojyfkg

• of 3Lo k0ffnL xf jf ljsGbLs/0f k0ffnL M
• on do lnG5
• of tf x'Fbg
• onfO jbgzLn eP/ / xflzof/Lk"js rnfpg' kb5
• s'g lgsfo -htf Pp6f jtGq cfofu_ nfO lhDdf
  lbOg'k5 tf ls of nfu' x'g sf\