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Fertilizer Management and Air Emissions

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Title: Fertilizer Management and Air Emissions


1
Fertilizer Management and Air Emissions
Symposium 20 February 2008 Delta Hotel, Ottawa
  • Tom Bruulsema, PhD
  • Director, Northeast Region
  • International Plant Nutrition Institute

2
IPNI Mission
  • to develop and promote scientific information
    about responsibleplant nutrient management for
    the benefit of the human family.

3
New Publication
4
Agricultures Share of GHG Emissions
lt 8 in Canada lt 10 in USA not increasing
5
GHG Emissions
6
Estimates of N2O emissions from cropland in 1995
(IFA/FAO, 2001)
1estimated using IPCC Tier 1 emission coefficient
of 1
7
Range of N2O Emission Among N Sources can Vary
Greatly
  • Report 1 (Stehfest Bouwman, 2006)
  • 0 to 46 of applied N
  • Report 2 (Granli Bockman, 1994)
  • 0 to 7 of applied N
  • Report 3 (Eichner, 1990)
  • 0 to 7 of applied N
  • Report 1
  • Median among N sources ranged from
    0.26 to 1.56 kg of N/ha

8
N Rates Above Agronomic Optimum Can Increase Risk
of N2O Emission
9
Manufacture and Transport
10
Global Warming Potential of Crop Production
Robertson et al. (2000) Adviento-Borbe et al.
(2007)
11
BMP Effectiveness Source
Snyder, 2008. Practical Fertilizer Nitrogen BMPs
to Limit N Losses which Contribute to Global
Warming. IPNI, Norcross, GA.
12
BMP Effectiveness Rate Timing
Snyder, 2008. Practical Fertilizer Nitrogen BMPs
to Limit N Losses which Contribute to Global
Warming. IPNI, Norcross, GA.
13
BMP Effectiveness Placement
Snyder, 2008. Practical Fertilizer Nitrogen BMPs
to Limit N Losses which Contribute to Global
Warming. IPNI, Norcross, GA.
14
Average corn yields (1989-1993) and soil organic
matter levels for a Brookston clay loam soil
under different management practices since 1959.
Management N-P2O5-K2O Yield SOM
(lb/A) bu/A Continuous corn 115-70-30 104 3.6 C
ontinuous corn 0-0-0 13 3.1 Rotation
corn 115-70-30 145 4.4 Rotation corn 0-0-0 65 3.3
Woodslee, Ontario, Gregorich Drury, 1996
15
(No Transcript)
16
Rothamsted Research, 2006
17
Best Yields
Rothamsted Research, 2006
18
The Myth of N Fertilization for Soil C
Sequestration(Khan, Mulvaney, Ellsworth and
Boast. 2007. J Environ Qual. 361821-1832.)
  • Fertilizing at N rates higher than optimum for
    yield is unlikely to increase soil C
  • Many long-term studies show soil C is higher with
    optimal compared to zero N

Adapted from Paustian et al., 1992
Schulten and Schnitzer,1997
19
Global Framework For Fertilizer BMPs
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
ECOLOGICAL
20
Application of Principles to Management
  • Large number of scientific principles, applied to
    complex systems
  • Involvement of qualified advisers and agronomists
  • Need for agronomic research and education
  • BMP guides that
  • Reference original data in peer-reviewed
    publications
  • Specify benefits to PPSE in clear language
  • Define performance indicators
  • Reflect continuing practical input

21
  • Grow more on less land, preserving natural
    ecosystems
  • Grow more with less impact minimize losses
  • Apply principles of ecology to increase cropping
    system productivity

22
New Hybrids prolong N Uptake
Tollenaar, et al., 1997
23
(No Transcript)
24
www.ipni.net
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