Heres What I Wont Talk About

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Heres What I Wont Talk About
Bill Foster Sulak Festschrift October 22, 2005

• Enrico Fermis (1954) Space-Based World Machine

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Livingston Plot (Parton ECM vs Calendar Year)

• Panofsky,1997

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Space Exploration via Self-Replicating Factories
is an Ancient Concept
Penrose, L. S. Self-Reproducing Machines.
Scientific American 206, 6, pp. 105-114, 1959.
Chirikjian, Zhou, and Suthakorn, Self Replicating
Robots for Lunar Development. IEEE/ASME Trans.
Mechatronics , 7, 4, pp. 462-472, 2002.

• Dave Barry (2003)

Spreading Rate Across the Universe
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Stanley Steamer to Stanley the Robotic Vehicle
100 Years
1906 Stanley Steamer
DARPA Grand Challenge Winner (2005)
Self-Replicating Robotic Factories are going to
be one of those things like Flat-Screen TV that
everyone laughs at, until one day they suddenly
appear.
Todays Computers are Already Good Enough For
Self- Replication
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Carbon Nanotubes may make the Space Elevetor a
Reality

• The electricity bill to get yourself into
  low-Earth Orbit is about 10

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The Next Microsoft Opportunity

• Will be captured by the first
• (Nation, Region, or Planet)
• that builds the first
• self-replicating factory
• to mine the asteriods.
• HEP accelerators will be an afterthought
• But thats a different talk

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Future Accelerators
I am Also Not Going to Talk About

• Three Feasible 10B Projects
• 0.5 TeV ee- Linear Collider
• 40 TeV ? 250 TeV P-P Collider
• ?-factory ? muon collider?
• Three Regions
• Europe
• North America
• Asia

How Hard Can This Be?
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The SCRF Proton Driver
A New High Intensity Proton Source (and more!)
at Fermilab
Bill Foster Sulak Festschrift October 22, 2005
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Outline

• Fermilab Strategic Context
• Superconducting RF Proton Driver Concept
• Physics program with an intense proton source
• Focus Long baseline neutrino experiments
• Mention Other physics possibilities
  (multi-mission linac)
• Proton Driver Technical Design
• Hardware Collaborations in Progress

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Fermilab Strategic Context

• For the last 20 years, Fermilab has operated
  the worlds highest energy
  physics program at
  the Tevatron, a ECM 2 TeV
  superconducting proton-antiproton collider.
• This will come to an end in 2009
• when the CERN LHC turns on
• and begins doing physics at 14 TeV (P-P)

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Fermilab Strategic Context

• The International Linear Collider (ILC)
• ( 0.5 TeV ee-) has been endorsed as the
  
• Next Big Thing in High Energy Physics
• Fermilab is an excellent candidate site.
• Wide spectrum of opinion as to how likely it is
• that the Bush administration will support
• a 12 B new initiative in HEP any time soon
• Shouldnt put all our eggs in one basket
• On the other hand, the worlds best Neutrino
  Physics
• program will continue at Fermilab in any case
• Find a way to do both ILC RD and Neutrinos

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8 GeV Superconducting Linac

• New idea incorporating concepts from the ILC, the
  Spallation Neutron Source, RIA and APT.
• Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac design up to 1.3
  GeV
• Use TESLA Cryomodules from 1.3 - 8 GeV
• H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector
• ? Super-Beams in Fermilab Main Injector
• 2 MW Beam power at BOTH 8 GeV and 120 GeV
• Small emittances gt Small losses in Main
  Injector
• Minimum (1.5 sec) cycle time (or less)
• MI Beam Power Independent of Beam Energy
• gt (flexible neutrino program)

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8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV
Neutrino Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino
Factory
Anti- Proton
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8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver

• A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider
• Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos)
• Multiple HEP Destinations Off-Ramps
• A seed project for Industrial Participation
• 50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, 1.5 of LC

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Fermilabs Fork in the Road

• IF ( ILC 2006 CDR looks affordable) THEN
• Push for ILC 2010 construction start at Fermilab
• Proceed with 120 GeV Neutrino Program at gt1 MW
• ELSE
• Superconducting 8 GeV Proton Driver starting 2008
• 30-120 GeV and 8 GeV Beams at 2-4 MW
• Stepping-Stone to delayed ILC construction start
  2012
• ENDIF

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Fermilabs New Director Pier Oddones
presentation to EPP 2010
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Proton Driver Physics

• Main Motivation Neutrino Oscillations
• also
• Neutrino Scattering
• Muons
• Kaons, pions, neutrons, antiprotons ..
• The Elephant in the room is the synergy with the
  International Linear Collider, the oft-stated
  highest priority of US HEP.

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Neutrino Physics at Fermilab

• Neutrino physics provides the primary motivation
  for a new Fermilab Proton Driver.
• The recent APS study on the future of neutrino
  physics concluded with some recommendations,
  amongst which
• We recommend, as a high priority, a
  comprehensive U.S. program to complete our
  understanding of neutrino mixing, to determine
  the character of the neutrino mass spectrum, and
  to search for CP violation among neutrinos.
• The program to do this should have as one of its
  components
• A proton driver in the megawatt class or above
  and neutrino superbeam with an appropriate very
  large detector capable of observing CP violation
  and measuring the neutrino mass-squared
  differences and mixing parameters with high
  precision.

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Other Possible Physics with Intense Proton Sources
e.g. BR (KL ? p o n n ) 3 x 10-11

• Rare decays
• (window for new physics)
• Intense Kaon beams!
• Muon physics (with intense muon beams)
• Rare muon decays, Search for lepton flavor
  violation m ? eg or m ? 3e
• Muon EDM, CP violation
• Precision measurements g-2 (statistics limits
  understanding systematics)
• Neutrino Factories
• Anti-Proton Physics
• When BTEV ends 2015 Fermilab will have by far
  the worlds most intense source of antiproton.
  What should we do with it ?
• Long pulse spallation neutron source, etc

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Motivations for the Linac Proton Driver

• Protons on Target for Neutrino Program
• 2 MW at 30-120 GeV from the Main Injector
• 0.5 - 2 MW at 8 GeV directly from the Linac
• Clear path for further MI upgrades gt 2 MW
• Synergy with International Linear Collider
• Exactly the same technology for E 1.5 ? 8 GeV
• 1.5 Scale Demonstration Project U.S. Cost
  Basis
• Seed Project for U.S. Industrialization of SCRF

Linac Provides All Three
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Fermilabs Existing Proton Source

• FNAL Accelerator Complex
• 7 major accelerators !)

35 yrs old
35 yrs old
Drift Tube LINAC 750 KeV ? 116 MeV
Cockroft-Walton H- ions ?(750 KeV)
8 GeV Booster Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron

• Proton Source Linac, Booster, Main Injector

35 yrs old
Intensity Bottlenecks Space Charge at Booster
Injection, and Booster Beam Loss
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Booster Main Injector
1999
35 yrs old
Main Injector Synchrotron 8 GeV ? 150
GeV Protons or Pbars for TeV Collider
? 120 GeV for PBAR production or to the NUMI
target
Booster Synchrotron 15 Hz resonant magnet
cycle 400 MeV H- stripped? 8 GeV Protons Protons
?MI or Mini-BooNE
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Q WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS NUMBER ?
451

• A this is the number of vacuum tubes required to
  accelerate beams to 8 GeV in Fermilabs current
  Proton Source.

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0.5 MW Initial 8 GeV Linac
PULSED RIA Front End Linac 325 MHz 0-110 MeV
Single 3 MW JPARC Klystron
Modulator
Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity Phase
and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners
11 Klystrons (2 types) 449 Cavities 51
Cryomodules
H-
RFQ
MEBT
RTSR
SSR
DSR
DSR
ßlt1 TESLA LINAC
10 MW TESLA Multi-Beam Klystrons
Modulator
1300 MHz 0.1-1.2 GeV
48 Cavites / Klystron
2 Klystrons 96 Elliptical Cavities 12 Cryomodules
ß.81
ß.81
ß.81
ß.81
ß.81
ß.81
8 Cavites / Cryomodule
8 Klystrons 288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules
TESLA LINAC
1300 MHz ß1
Modulator
Modulator
Modulator
Modulator
10 MW TESLA Klystrons
36 Cavites / Klystron
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The Building Block of the 8 GeV Linac

• is the TESLA RF Station
• 1 Klystron
• 1 Modulator
• 4 Cryomodules
• 36 SCRF CAVITIES
• 1 GeV of Beam Energy
• Proton Driver 8 RF Stations
• Linear Collider 500 RF Stations

Understanding the production cost of the TESLA
RF station is the most important question in
(US) HEP.
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Cavities and Cryomodules
Tesla SCRF Cavity
Cryomodule at Tesla Test Facility
The Cavities and Cryo-modules for 85 of the
Proton Driver will be nearly identical to those
developed by the TESLA collaboration for the
International Linear Collider
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8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV
Neutrino Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino
Factory
Anti- Proton
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The Baseline Mission8 GeV H- Injection and
Super Beams in the Main Injector
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MORE INFORMATION

• Project site
• http//protondriver.fnal.gov
• Physics and Machine CD-0 Documents
• Recent Directors Review
• http//protondriver.fnal.gov/PDrev15Mar05.htm
• Recent ICFA Workshop
• http//www.niu.edu/clasep/HPSLconf/