Covalent Bonding

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Covalent Bonding

• Lets Share!

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Covalent Bonds

• A covalent bond is a force between atoms that
  SHARE valence electrons to get a full octet.
• Occur between 2 or more non-metals.
• AKA Molecular Bond/Molecular Componds

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Covalent Bonds Continued. . .

• Covalent bonds are in lipids (fats),
  carbohydrates, proteins, and petroleum. These
  covalent compounds all contain carbon so they are
  all organic!

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Diatomic Molecules

• Two IDENTICAL elements with a covalent bond.

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• Diatomic molecules occur in nature this way
  because
• they are more stable than
• one atom alone.

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MEMORIZE these diatomic molecules

• Hydrogen H2
• Oxygen O2
• Bromine Br2
• Fluorine F2

• Iodine I2
• Nitrogen N2
• Chlorine Cl2

In HCl, neither the H or Cl is a diatomic b/c it
is NOT ALONE!

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Remember

• The HOBrFINCl twins!!! ?

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There are diatomic elements, and they form the
on the periodic table.
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Naming Covalent Compounds
You mean we have to name these, too??
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• First Name the first element.
• Use a prefix to indicate the number of atoms it
  has.
• If there is only one atom of the first element,
  do NOT use a prefix!

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MEMORIZE THESE PREFIXES

• When oxygen is involved. . .
• Drop the a and o from the prefixes above!
• Example
• monoxide NOT monooxide
• heptoxide NOT heptaoxide
• decoxide NOT decaoxide
• ________ NOT nonooxide
• ________ NOT octooxide

mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nonoxide
nona
octoxide
deca
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Next Name second element.

• Change the ending to ide.
• Use a prefix to indicate the number of atoms.
• You must use a prefix for the second element,
  even if there is only one atom!

USE A PREFIX
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One last tip

• NEVER, EVER, EVER reduce a covalent compound!

dicarbon hexachloride
C2Cl6
If you reduce it
C1 Cl3
carbon trichloride
These are NOT the same compounds!
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The last tip . . . I promise! ?

• NEVER criss-cross numbers of atoms!
• You only do that for OXIDATION NUMBERS with ionic
  compounds!
• Covalent compounds dont have oxidation numbers
  because they dont lose/gain e- -- they SHARE!

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Had Enough???? Try the practice problems!