Stereochemistry

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Stereochemistry
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Stereochemistry

• Any chemistry which involves orientation in space

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Symmetry

• Referring to anything that can be divided on some
  plane into identical parts

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Symmetry

• In molecules, planes of symmetry can be
  determined along any bond axis

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Symmetric Compounds

• Compounds with at least one plane of symmetry

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Name the Following

• C C
• C-C-C-C-C-C-C
• C-C

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Asymmetric Compounds

• Compounds with no plane of symmetry

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Symmetric Compounds

• The mirror images of symmetric compounds are
  identical

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Symmetric Compounds

• All completely symmetric compounds are non-polar

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Asymmetric Compounds

• The mirror images of asymmetric compounds are not
  identical. They are isomers

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Asymmetric Compounds

• Asymmetric compounds can be polar if the bonds
  are polar

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Polarity of Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons are non-polar

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Optical Isomers

• Mirror images of asymmetric compounds are optical
  isomers or stereoisomers

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Stereoisomerism of C

• A carbon center must be bound to 4 different
  things to be asymmetric

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Stereoisomerism of C

• Any carbon center bound to 3 or less things has
  at least one plane of symmetry

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Stereoisomerism of C

• Use modeling

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Stereoisomerism of Carbon Chains

• The constituents on two adjacent carbons spend
  more time in the staggered position

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Stereoisomerism of Carbon Chains

• Use modeling to show aligned staggered positions

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Diffusion

• Movement down an energy gradient

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Thermochemistry

• Compounds will eventually move to the lowest
  possible energy state (the most stable state)

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Thermochemistry of Organic Compounds

• Stability is sometimes determined by how the
  compound interferes with its surroundings

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Thermochemistry of Organic Compounds

• To increase stability, organic compounds tend to
  curl up

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Thermochemistry of Organic Compounds

• Organic compounds ring structures are more stable
  than their corresponding straight chain structures

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Draw an optical isomer of

• H3C-CH2
• H3C-C-CH2-CH2-CH3
• H

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Draw Name at least 5 isomers of C6H14