Diabetes

1
Diabetes

• Characterized by an absolute (type 1) or relative
  (type 2) insulin deficiency that results in
  hyperglycemia
• A major health problem and leading cause of death
  in the United States
• More than 17 million with diabetes, only 11.1
  million are diagnosed

2
Diabetes

• Type 1
• Lack of insulin
• Develops early in life
• 10 diabetic population
• Type 2
• Resistance to insulin
• Develops later in life
• 90 diabetic population

3
Diabetes
4
Exercise and the Diabetic

• Control of blood glucose is important
• Adequate insulin is required
• Ketosis
• Metabolic acidosis from accumulation of ketone
  bodies
• May result from a lack of insulin

5
Effect of Prolonged Exercise in Diabetics
Fig 17.1
6
Exercise and Type 1 Diabetes

• Pre-exercise blood glucose level
• 80 to 250 mgdl-1
• Timing with insulin
• Should not exercise at time of peak insulin
  action
• Glucose monitoring
• During/after exercise
• Carbohydrate intake
• During recovery

7
Effect of Plasma Insulin Levels in Type 1
Diabetics During Exercise
Fig 17.2
8
Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes

• Blood glucose monitoring
• In those taking oral hyperglycemic agents
• Exercise prescription
• 4-7 times per week
• Promotes weight loss and sustained increase in
  insulin sensitivity
• Minimum of 1000 kcal/wk
• From all physical activity

9
American Diabetes AssociationGoals for Nutrition
Therapy

• Attain maintain optimum metabolci outcomes
• Blood glucose levels in normal range
• A lipid lipoprotein profile that reduces the
  risk of macrovascular disease
• Blood pressure level that reduces risk of
  vascular disease
• Improve health through food choice activity
• Address individual nutritional needs