Intelligence

1
Intelligence

• Psyc 494
• Talia Ben-Zeev

2
What is Intelligence?

• Implicit Theories

• Experts implicit beliefs
• ability to learn from experience
• ability to adapt to environment
• metacognitive ability

• Laypeoples implicit beliefs
• practical problem solving ability
• verbal ability
• social competence

3
What is intelligence?

• Explicit Theories
• Psychophysical Galton and later Cattel
• Thinking abilities Binet Simon
• and later Terman and Wechsler
• direction
• adaptation
• criticism

4
IQ Testing

• Originally
• IQ MA/CA x 100

Currently IQ 100 15 X (score - mean) /
standard deviation
5
Is there just one intelligence?
Spearman (1904) g Thurstone (1938) verbal
vs. spatial reasoning Cattell (1963)
crystallized vs. fluid intelligence Gardner
(1983) Multiple intelligences Linguistic,
musical, mathematical, spatial, bodily
kinesthetic, and personal.
6
IQ and factor analysis
A statistical approach that can be used to
analyze interrelationships among a large number
of variables and to explain these variables in
terms of their common underlying dimensions
(factors). The statistical approach involving
finding a way of condensing the information
contained in a number of original variables into
a smaller set of dimensions (factors) with a
minimum loss of information
Variables Factor 1 Factor 2 Reading
comprehension .68 . 17 Vocabulary .87 .24 Gr
amar .65 .07 Mechanical reasoning .16 .76
Quantitative skills .30 .83 Mathematics . 19
.6
7
IQ Testing
WAISIII Subtests
Verbal Comprehension
Perceptual Organization
WorkingMemory
ProcessingSpeed
Vocabulary Similarities Information
Arithmetic Digit Span LetterNumber Sequencing
Picture Completion Block Design Matrix Reasoning
DigitSymbolCoding Symbol Search
10
8
What does IQ predict?
Correlations with Achievement Clearly, high
intelligence may be expected to correlate
significantly with educational achievement. The
correlation is positive, but declines
substantially as students proceed through the
system  Primary school 0.6-0.7  Secondary
school 0.5-0.6  College 0.4-0.5  Post-graduate
0.3-0.4
9
(No Transcript)
10
IQ and Genetics The infamous Bell Curve
Herrnstein and Murray (1994) argue that IQ is
real that it matters (ever so much more as
society becomes more equitable and
technological) that it is somewhere between 40
and 80 heritable and that it relates to not
only school performance, but to jobs, income,
crime, and illegitimacy and that it cannot be
ignored in any meaningful look at America's
future. But the most explosive of The Bell
Curve's arguments is that some of the difference
in mean IQ scores between the white European
population of the United States and the
African-American population (one full standard
deviation of 15 points) is probably attributable
to genetic factors.
11
The infamous Bell Curve
Robert Sternbergs response Herrnstein and
Murray invite the reader to conclude that race
differences are due to genetics, even though they
have no evidence of that, and they know it.
12
What is the relationship between IQ and
Intelligence?

• IQ is what IQ tests measure
• Intelligence is so much more than IQ

13
A cultural view on Intelligence
14
What is your view of Intelligence in light of
class discussion?