Behaviorism: Its all in the action

1
Behaviorism Its all in the action

• Created by
• Jen, Linda, Melissa, Moriah, Pam

2
Participant Directions

• In order to learn about the behaviorist theory
  you will follow this PowerPoint presentation,
  answering the questions with 100 accuracy.
• Answer the questions as you go,and take the quiz
  at the end.

3
Behaviorist Theory

• Definition
• Scientists who studied the behaviorist theory
• Key concepts
• Classroom examples
• Advantages/disadvantages

4
Advantages and Disadvantagesof the behaviorist
theory

• Advantages
• Shapes behavior quickly (example 1A)
• The learner adapts to the environment
• ( example 2A)
• Behavior can be measured (example 3A)

• Disadvantages
• Internalized reasoning may not be an
  outcome(example 1D)
• The learner adapts to a poor environment
• (example 2D)
• Behavior measured may not be a true picture of
  understanding(example 3D)

5
Example of Advantage and Disadvantage 1

• Shapes behavior quickly
• Every time a student would arrive to class on
  time the teacher would give the student (on time
  points.) These points could be used to purchase a
  watch from the school store.
• Behavior is not internalized
• A student may act respectful but not feel respect
  towards a teacher.

6
Example of Advantage and Disadvantage 2

• The learner adapts to the environment
• The class has been trained to write a half page
  every day. They are reinforced with a smiley
  sticker
• The learner adapts to a poor environment
• A student adapts to a classroom where the other
  students behaviors are negative and destructive
  to the learning environment.

7
Example Advantage and Disadvantage 3

• Behavior can be measured
• Students can take tests to measure whether they
  can answer the questions correctly.
• Behavior measured may not be a true picture of
  understanding
• Taking a true or false test with the assurance of
  retaking it until the student gets it right can
  lead to guessing for the correct answers.

8
Quiz Advantages/Disadvantages

• A disadvantage to the behaviorist theory is that
  students can learn behaviors quickly.
• True / False
• An advantage to the behaviorist theory is All
  students learn the best using this theory.
• True / False

9
Wrong try again
10
Correct move on to the next question
11
Correct! Ready to learn more?
12
Who are the Behaviorists?
Click on picture

• Ivan Pavlov
• John Watson
• B.F. Skinner

13
You too can be trained!
Back to Behaviorists
14
Who are these Behaviorists?

• Ivan Pavlov
• 1849-1936
• Pavlov wanted to see if external stimuli could
  affect the salivation process
• he rang a bell at the same time he gave the
  experimental dogs food.
• After a while, the dogs -- which before only
  salivated when they saw and ate their food --
  would begin to salivate when the bell rang, even
  if no food were present.

• In 1903 he published his results calling this a
  "conditioned reflex,"different from an innate
  reflex, such as yanking a hand back from a flame,
  in that it had to be learned.
• Pavlov called this learning process
  conditioning
• He thought that conditioned reflexes could
  explain the behavior of people.

Back to Behaviorists
Quiz yourself
http//llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
15
Who are these Behaviorists?

• John Watson
• 1878 - 1958
• Watson was inspired by Pavlov
• He studied the behavior of children and concluded
  that humans were simply more complicated than
  animals but operated on the same principles.

• All animals, he believed,
  were extremely complex machines that responded to
  situations according to their "wiring," or nerve
  pathways that were conditioned by experience.
• In 1913, he published an article outlining his
  ideas
• disagreed with Freud
• dismissed heredity as a significant factor in
  shaping human behavior.

Back to Behaviorists
Quiz yourself
http//llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
16
Who are these Behaviorists?

• He used operant conditioning
• the rewarding of a partial behavior or a random
  act that approaches the desired behavior.
• Skinner believed other all complicated tasks
  could be broken down and taught.
• He developed machines so students could learn bit
  by bit, uncovering answers for an immediate
  "reward."

• B.F. Skinner
• 1904 - 1990
• Skinner developed behavioral studies of rats that
  automatically reward behavior.
• He wrote The Behavior of Organisms and began his
  novel Walden II, about a commune where
  behaviorist principles created a new kind of
  utopia.

Back to Behaviorists
Quiz yourself
http//llanes.panam.edu/edul6300/Behaviorists.html
17
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!
1. Pavlov began his studies by a. Seeing if
children liked cookies b. Teaching dogs to
salivate at the ring of a bell c. Developing a
theory on behaviorism
Back to Behaviorists
18
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!
2. Watson felt that a. Heredity was important
in shaping human behavior. b. Animals
responded to situations according to their
conditioned experience. c. That Freud had all
the answers
Back to Behaviorists
19
Quiz Yourself on the Behaviorists!
1. Skinner used _____ to teach a behavior a.
stimulous b. pidgeons c. operant conditioning

Back to Behaviorists
20
Opps!

• You need to go back and read again!

Back to Behaviorists
21
Great!

• You get an A

Back to Behaviorists
22
Key Concepts

• Classical Conditioning
• Stimulus-Response
• Action causes response
• The bell rings to start class and all students
  quiet down and focus attention on the teacher.

23
Key Concepts cont.

• Operant Conditioning
• Stimulus-Response-Reinforcer
• Specific action causes a desired response when
  reinforced
• Students work very hard on mastering their times
  tables and teacher gives free pass to skip the
  math homework for that night.

24
Quiz Time!

• Pick the best answer to that describes each term
• Mrs. Smith flashes the lights to get her students
  attention. The students immediately stop what
  they are doing and look her way
• A. Operant Conditioning
• B. Classical Conditioning

25
AWESOME!

• Click the picture to go on.

26
OOPS! Try Again!

• Click Here

27
QUIZ TIME!

• Mr. Lee gives his students a free choice of how
  they will complete their reading assignment after
  they have completed the read-aloud portion as a
  whole class and behaved very well.
• Classical Conditioning
• Operant Conditioning

28
WOW!

• Click the picture to go on.

29
OH NO! Try Again!

• Click Here

30
Behavior what?

• Think back to your Language Arts days--what is
  the main word here in behaviorism?

31
Choose the base word

• havior
• behavior
• ism
• be

32
behavior Great! You chose the part of the
word of behaviorism That sums up its definition.
The concept of behaviorism Is identifying,
encouraging, and measuring behaviors Exhibited
by a person or animal.
Want to see a More detailed definition?
example
33
ism This is not the part of the word you Need
to concentrate on. Choose again.
34
be This part of the word behaviorism doesnt
quite get to the Core of the word. Please
choose again.
35
Havior This is not what you want to focus
on. Choose again!
36
Internet Web Sites
Click here if you like to take quizzes To learn
definitions.
Click here to read information about John Watson,
Who is believed to be the Father of Behaviorism
Click here to read a detailed definition of
Behaviorism from the Stanford Encyclopedia Of
Philosophy.
37
Behavior Modification
Here is a series of steps that a behaviorist
might Use to get a person to change their
behavior. 1. Choose a behavior goal for a
particular person. 2. Determine what motivates
this particular person. 3. Break the behavior
down into several small steps. 4. Implement
these steps and record the results. 5. Evaluate
the progress and revise the steps as needed.
38
Congratulations! You now have a preliminary
Understanding of what behaviorism means.
Please click here to read about key Concepts of
Behaviorism. Please click here to learn about
the people who Promoted behaviorism. Please
click here to see examples of Behaviorism used
in a school classroom setting. Please click here
to read advantages and Disadvantages of the
behaviorist approach.
39
Examples of Behaviorism in the Classroom

• The Computer Lab
• Reading
• Math
• Final Quiz

40
The Computer Lab

• Memorization of computer terms and parts
• Use of computer programs with automated
  positive/negative feedback

41
Math

• Recall facts for immediate reward (drill)
• Memorization by repetition

42
Reading

• Using flash cards to memorize sight words
• Writing spelling words repeatedly

43
Which of the following is NOT an example of
Behaviorism in the classroom?

• Use of computer programs with automated
  positive/negative feedback
• Using phonics to sound out words
• Writing spelling words repeatedly
• Recall facts for immediate reward (drill)

44
You're right!

• Using phonics to sound out words is an
  application of prior knowledge to decode new
  material. This is not a conditioned response.

45
Try again! Remember...

• Behaviorism often incorporates conditioned
  responses, which may be learned through
  memorization, repetition, or automatic feedback.