The Progressive Era

1
The Progressive Era

• Ch 9

2
Roosevelt in Office

• Pres. McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt
  took office.
• TR forced eastern mine owners to deal with the
  leader of striking coal miners, John Mitchell

3
The Trust Buster

• Roosevelt targeted Northern Security, a RR
  holding company owned by Rockefeller and Morgan
• TR forced the company to dissolve citing the
  Sherman Antitrust Act

4
More Legislation

• TR created the Interstate Commerce Commission to
  regulate the railroads.
• The pure food and drug act and the meat
  inspection act was passed.
• The Newlands Reclamations Act (1902) built dams
  and canals for irrigation and conservation

5
Hepburn Act 1906

• Gave the ICC power over pipelines, ferries,
  terminals, and bridges
• Forbade the RR rebates and free passes
• Allowed the ICC to lower rates if needed

6
Middle Class Reformers

• City Government- The commission system became
  popular since it blocked machines from keeping
  power.
• State Gov.- Govs. like Bob LaFollette passed RR
  laws, civil service laws, tax laws, and child
  labor laws.

• Direct Primary- Decided who would run for each
  party
• Direct Election of Senators- 17th Amendment
• Initiative-Start a bill by petition
• Referendum-vote Yes or No on a bill
• Recall-forced re-election

7
Muckrakers

• Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of the Cities
• Ida Tarbell- Attacked Standard Oil
• Upton Sinclair- The Jungle
• Jacob Riis- Photos

8
More Muckrakers

• Frank Norris- The Octopus and The Pit exposed RR
  and wheat exchange
• Riis

9
Taft defeats Bryan

• Roosevelt did not want a third term, so W.H. Taft
  (Rep) defeated William J. Bryan (Dem) in 1908
  became president.
• President Taft was accused of aiding big business
  interests in the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

10
The Progressive Party

• Roosevelt returned from safari and formed the new
  Progressive Party
• The party platform included social reform and
  business regulation

11
In the meantime

• New Mexico and Arizona became states in 1912
• 16th Amendment called for direct income tax

12
Roosevelt vs. Wilson 1912

• Roosevelts New Nationalism- Called for strong
  national government and social legislation
• Roosevelt felt that good trusts should be
  watched and bad trust should be dissolved

• Wilsons New Freedom- called for a more
  traditional government that interfered less with
  business but ensured competition.

13
Woodrow Wins

• Woodrow Wilson defeats Taft and Roosevelt in 1912
• Wilsons first priority is to reform the nations
  financial system

14
Federal Reserve Act

• Divided the nation into 12 financial districts,
  each with a head bank.
• A new national currency based on federal reserve
  notes was established

15
Clayton Anti-trust Act

• It prevented interlocking directories between
  companies.
• The Federal Trade Commission regulated business
  interactions.

16
TR and Foreign Policy

• TR pushed for the Panama Canal, William Gorgas
  stopped yellow fever.
• Roosevelt Corollary- The U.S. had the exclusive
  right to intervene in Latin America

17
Taft and Foreign Policy

• Dollar Diplomacy- Using U.S. ambassadors and to
  promote business and domestic interests.

18
Wilson and Foreign Policy

• Victoriano Huerta took over Mexico and Wilson
  helped Carranza regain power.
• Pancho Villa burned Columbus, New Mexico