Oracle on Linux, what you should know

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Oracle on Linux, what you should know

• Brent Bigonger, Manager of Technical Services
• ServerCare, Inc. www.servercare.com 888.918-6309

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• Managed Services (Remote DBA)
• Installation
• Configuration and troubleshooting
• Performance Tuning
• Security Checks
• Systems Administration
• Backup and Recovery

October SDOSSO Members Only Special Free Basic
Oracle Database Health Check
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Good Evening, Im

• Brent Bigonger, Manager of Technical Services
• Using Oracle since version 7
• Worked in various industries including utilities,
  telecom and education
• Background in Systems Administration

• Significant experience with RAC and Data Guard
  environments on Linux and Solaris

888-918-6309 http//www.ServerCare.com
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Presentation Outline

• Why and Why not Oracle
• Oracle and Linux
• Versions of Oracle
• Oracle Database Architecture
• Database Management
• Backups
• Best Practices
• Gotchas
• High Availability
• Oracle 11g Notable New Features

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Why and Why not Oracle
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Why Not Oracle?

• Cost!!!
• Complexity?
• Free competition
• Other reasons??

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Why Oracle

• Overall performance
• Very, very mature - Reliable
• Ease of expansion/growth
• Backup/Recovery
• Online maintenance, patches and upgrades
• LOTS of online resources
• Availability of Oracle tools
• Runs on almost any server platform
• High Availability Options
• Clustering Technology
• Light years ahead of others
• Flashback Technology
• Options ONLY available on Oracle

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Oracle and Linux
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Oracle and Linux

• Tier 1 development platform
• First platform for upgrades
• Open source donation of Clustered File System
  (OCFS2)
• Offering Linux Support for Red Hat SUSE
• Oracle Enterprise Linux
• Oracle Database 10g Express Edition
• Development, deployment and distribution
• Berkeley Embedded DB (open source)

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Versions of Oracle
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Oracle Versions

• Oracle Enterprise Edition
• Oracle Standard Edition
• Oracle Standard Edition One
• Very minor limitations
• 2 CPUs
• 5 User minimum
• Oracle 10g Express Edition
• Free!!
• Some Limitations
• CPU
• Memory
• DB Size
• No official Oracle support

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Oracle 10g Express Edition

• Available for
• Debian, Mandriva, Novell, Red Hat and Ubuntu
• Installs as RPM or DEB
• Up and running in minutes
• Good documentation
• 4 GB space limitation
• Larger than you may think
• Prune data
• Link to other DBs
• Management
• Extremely simplified
• NOT less featured

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Oracle Database Architecture
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Entity Relationship Diagram
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Rows and Columns
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Oracle Architecture
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Database Management
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Oracle Tools

• sqlplus, lsnrctl, exp/imp, dbca, netca
• JDeveloper
• Eclipse Plug-in
• Oracle Designer
• Migration Workbench
• Application Express (APEX)
• Statspack
• SQL Developer
• Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Many others

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Oracle Enterprise Manager

• Dbconsole
• Included in every 10g database
• Graphical Administration for most tasks
• Administer the complete Oracle environment
• Database, application servers, hosts, storage
• Grid Control
• Diagnose, modify, and tune multiple databases
• Share tasks with other administrators
• Plug-in Architecture
• Firewalls, 3rd party Storage Vendors, Load
  Balancers, etc.

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Database Management Demos
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SQL Developer
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SQL Developer
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SQL Developer
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SQL Developer
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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(No Transcript)
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Oracle Enterprise Manager
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Backups
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Backups

• Hot vs. Cold
• Archive log mode
• Use Recovery Manager (RMAN)!
• Far superior to older user managed hot backups
• Key data structures for backup/recovery
• Datafiles
• Control files
• Online redo logs DONT backup them up though
• Mirror or multiplex them
• Archived redo logs
• Oracle software home
• Configuration files
• init.ora or spfile, password file, tnsnames.ora,
  sqlnet.ora

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RMAN

• Block level backups
• Used for hot and cold backups
• Use repository, if possible
• Retention policy
• Recovery Window
• Backup Redundancy
• Database cloning
• Backup validation options
• Built in management
• Good options for very large databases
• Only for Oracle database files

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Backups and Exports

• Backup
• Binary format
• Used for database disaster recovery
• Bring database to particular point in time (with
  archive logs)
• Export
• Uses insert statements
• Usually for fine-grained data recovery
• Accidental data deletes, table drops, etc.
• An export is not a backup, a backup is not quite
  an export
• Flashback technology

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Best Practices
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General Best Practices

• Always use ARCHIVELOG mode in production
• Always mirror or multiplex redo logs
• Use RMAN for easy backups
• Take backups AND exports if possible
• Patch to latest service release
• Separate database machine from backups!!
• Always keep up with security updates
• database root kits
• Keep up with patches if possible
• Apply few changes at a time

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Storage Layout Best Practices

• More disks are better!
• Consider separating redo logs
• Physically separate data datafiles index
  datafiles old concept
• Spread out control files
• Avoid RAID 5 if possible
• Use large stripe size, if applicable
• Use asynchronous I/O
• Need support in OS and DB
• Can sometime use slack redo space for backups

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Hardware Best Practices

• Use a 64-bit architecture machine
• Oracle specifically compiled for optimization
• Redundant server and/or storage infrastructure if
  possible
• Dual Core CPUs only counts as a of a CPU
• Usually more bang for buck

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Gotchas
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Gotchas

• Installation Issues
• Required packages (especially 64-bit Linux)
• Documentation is good, but not perfect
• No text based installer anymore
• Management
• NEVER delete the oldest archive log
• Archive logs not deleted automatically
• RMAN
• Many minor RAC issues fixed in latest DB version
• Oracle Support
• Expensive
• Difficult to work with

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High Availability
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RAC Architecture

• Clustered nodes
• Interconnect Network
• Shared storage

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Oracle Data Guard
1) Write local redo 2) SYNC send redo 3) Receive
redo 4) Acknowledge 5) Post receipt to LGWR
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Standby Database
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Oracle 11g Notable New Features
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11g - Notable New Features

• Workload Capture and Replay (load testing)
• New ASM cloning features to rapidly add new nodes
• ASM Preferred Mirror reads
• Rolling upgrades of ASM mixed versions of ASM
  okay
• Can convert single instance to RAC if on ASM
• Improved management diagnostics of RAC
• New Data Guard features (another HA product)
• New direct NFS client in the Oracle kernel

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Where to get more information

• Oracle Technical Network
• http//www.oracle.com/technology/index.html
• Ask me
• bbigonger_at_servercare.com
• 888-918-6309
• ServerCare web site for this presentation and
  others
• http//www.servercare.com/downloads-page.html
• Lots of info all over the internet

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Questions?

• Lots of items covered
• If we didnt cover something you wanted to hear,
  please ask or contact me

bbigonger_at_servercare.com 888-918-6309
www.ServerCare.com
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Oracle on Linux, what you should know
THANK YOU!
bbigonger_at_servercare.com 888-918-6309
www.ServerCare.com
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ORACLE RAC DETAILS
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Why RAC?

• Load Balancing
• Automatic (and in come cases transparent)
  failover
• Lower cost hardware
• Ease of expansion/growth
• Total performance
• Free with Standard Edition of Oracle
• Can avoid single point of failure

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Why Not RAC?

• Complexity, difficult to manage
• Site disaster (Data Guard instead)
• Raw performance (overhead)
• Extra cost with Enterprise Edition of Oracle
• Deserves careful planning and setup
• Somewhat sensitive/fickle

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Network Interfaces

• Public IP
• Private IPs
• Virtual IP

Public Network
Switch
Public IP VIP
Public IP VIP
eth0
eth0
rac2
rac1
eth1
eth1
Interconnect
Interconnect
Gigabit switch
Private network
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel
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Interconnect Network

• Main component for Cache Fusion
• Interconnect uses non-routable, private network
• Protocol UDP and RDS gt 10.2.0.3
• Typical bandwidth utilization 20-30, saturated
  gt 70

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SGA Structure Processes
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Storage
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SAN vs. NAS

• SAN
• Offers the top performance
• Typically SCSI/Fiber Channel
• More expensive
• Usually harder to manage
• Only server-class machines usually able to
  connect
• NAS
• Multi-host filesystem access for all machines
• Less Expensive
• Usually easier to manage
• Only certain vendors certified for Oracle RAC
• Theoretically latency can play a factor
• Usually for very high traffic systems

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Storage Options

• Oracle Cluster File System 2 (OCFS2)
• Certified Vendor Cluster File System
• Sun, Red Hat, HP, IBM
• Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
• NFS
• Raw
• iSCSI

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ASM

• Out-Of-The-Box Functionality
• Flexible Storage Configuration
• Fault Tolerance
• I/O Load Balancing
• Uses OS raw devices

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Oracle Enterprise Manager