An alternative view from the Netherlands

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An alternative view from the Netherlands
Waste management planning

• Kees Wielenga

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Introduction
agenda

• Stages of waste management in Europe
• Details of the NL national waste management plan
• Reduction of landfilling
• Energy from waste
• Conclusions

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Main concerns
Waste management in Europe

• Three levels of waste management
• Getting grip on illegal dumping (Greece,
  Portugal, CEE, parts of Spain and Italy)
• Diverting waste from landfill (UK, Ireland,
  France)
• Optimising waste recovery (Germany, Denmark
  Netherlands)

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Status quo
Waste management in Europe
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General characteristics NL
NWP 2002

• 16 mil. inhabitants
• GDP above EU average
• Waste generation 57 Mton
• Long tradition of waste management
• Strong emphasis on planning

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Main objectives
NWP 2002

• Prevention (relative decoupling)
• Promotion of recovery
• Optimisation of energy yield from waste
• Reduction of landfilling
• Stimulation of innovation

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Targets
NWP 2002
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Instruments
Landfill reduction

• Landfill ban for 30 waste stream including
• Residual municipal waste
• Construction demolition waste
• Landfill tax
• 1995 7.50
• 2002 47.00

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Costs in different countries
Landfill reduction
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Landfill reduction
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Optimising energy yield
Energy from waste

• Improving efficiency of MSW incinerators
• Currently 17 23 electrical
• Possible 28 32
• Use of installations with high energy efficiency
  (read co-incineration)
• Production of RDF from residual MSW
• Stimulation via energy tax regime and fees

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RDF from household waste
Energy from waste

• Total generated 10 Mton
• Recycling 5 Mton
• Residual HHW 5 Mton (10 MJ/kg)
• After sorting
• 0.8 Mt RDF (18 MJ/kg) -gt co-incineration
• 4.2 Mt Rest (9 MJ/kg) -gt incineration

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RDF from other MSW
Energy from waste

• MSW from shops, services etc. 3 Mton
• 1.5 Mton RDF (18MJ/kg) -gt co-incineration
• 1 Mton portable's (14 MJ/kg) after sorting
• 0.5 Mton RDF (18 MJ/kg) -gt co-incineration
• 0.5 Mton rest (10 MJ/kg) -gt incineration
• 0.5 Mton dirty (14MJ/kg) -gt incineration

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Costs
Costs

• Waste management costs per hh per year
• NL 80 200
• UK 50 90
• Environmental expenditure as of GDP
• NL 2.6
• (1 for waste management)
• UK 1

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Factors of success
Conclusions

• Financial incentives supporting the objectives
• Co-operation of authorities for building
  treatment capacity
• Planning of flexibility
• Prudent estimation of incineration capacity
• Overflow management
• -gt landfill (till 2000)
• -gt RDF (from 2000 onwards)

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Conclusions
Conclusions

• Good waste management has a price and needs time
• Financial instruments supporting policy goals
  and
• Co-operation of all authorities are essential
• Use landfilling as flexible part of the UK waste
  strategy