Nations, nationalism and national identity

1
Nations, nationalism and national identity
2
What is a nation?

• Language, culture, ethnicity?
• Nationality ethnic and cultural identity
• Language, religion, common history traditions
  want to uphold, common territory (not conditions
  but likely defining features)

3

• Imagined communities (Anderson)
• It is the magic of nationalism to turn chance
  into destiny
• Folklore, tradition, created symbols

4
Nationalism as ideology/movement

• Demands of the nationality are to translate these
  into a state form.
• Asserts validity of national traits for political
  ends
• Self determination is the demand by a nationality
  to become a state.

5

• Rousseaus general will and popular
  sovereignty the foundation of nationalism?
• The French Revolution sovereignty of the people
  and the nation. Established patriotism
• Response in other European countries German
  nationalism e.g. a traditional form, willed by
  God, biological, racial and cultural traits
  Prussia, 1871.

6
Waves of nationalism (Macridis)

• France affected European nationalities
• End WWI collapse Austro-Hungarian Empire,
  Romania and Bulgaria independent, Poland,
  Finland
• End WWII collapse of colonial power, e.g. the
  Middle East, Africa
• Collapse Soviet Union

7
Is nationalism inevitable?

• Implies right to statehood/self-government
• Identity, consciousness, redrawing boundaries and
  conflict reconfirms the state system
• Do nations have the right to states?
• Examples The Roma, the Palestinians, Israel

8
The break up of the nation state

• Examples, Yugoslavia a return to nationalism?
• Iraq? UK?

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The nation state

• A state and a nationality
• National sovereignty
• Katzenstein Germany from semi-sovereign to
  sovereign state
• Milward The European rescue of the nation state

10
Rise of the region state?

• Post national? Two trends rise of nationalism
  and transnational developments
• Examples European Union, Latin America? Pan-Arab
  nationalism
• Are they connected? Does supranational
  development and problems this creates for
  democratic representation CAUSE a rise of
  regional identity and nationalism?
• Glocalisation.

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Challenges to the nation state

• International Organisations/Region states
• International norms and values?
• Creating national fragmentation?
• Enhance strong states?
• Are nation states undermined?

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• International Law
• International law, e.g. US soldiers and ICC
• Milosovic on trial
• Environmental standards

13

• The market and international finance
• WTO IMF trade aid packages
• Shell Oil
• US drugs patents
• International intervention
• Humanitarian intervention
• Nuclear proliferation

14
The transformation of the state and sovereignty?

• How do we map democracy on to changed contours of
  national sovereignty and the international
  community?
• Can we recreate through International Society?

15
Cosmopolitanism citizens of the world?

• Universal values. Common standards that apply to
  all individuals and actions, through
  international law and international organisations.