HTML Building BLocks

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HTML Building BLocks

• John Sullivan
• Fall 2002

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HTML Building Blocks

• Writing HTML
• You can use any word processor or text editor,
  but for this class do not use Word.
• Use Notepad or WordPad for Windows
• You can use FrontPage will be used later in the
  semester, and not until notified by me

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HTML TagsltbgtBig Boylt/bgttomato

• HTML tags are commands written between less than
  (lt) and greater (gt) signs, also know as angle
  brackets.
• Indicates how text should be displayed
• There is an opening an closing versions for many
  (but not all) tags, and the affected text is
  contained with two tags.
• The closing tag carries extra forward /

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HTML TagsltTable Bordergt

• Attributes
• Many tags have special attributes that offer
  formatting options for the contain text
• Values ltbr clearleftgt
• Attributes in turn have values.
• In the above example it can be left, right, or
  all
• ltimg srcimage.gif hspace5gt
• Some attributes are more strict about the type of
  values they accept
• Hpace only excepts integers
• SRC on URLs

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HTML Tags

• Quotation Marks
• Values should be enclosed in straight quotation
  marks
• Upper and Lowercase letters
• Remember XHTML use lower case

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HTML Tags

• Nested Tags
• Correct
• lth1gtBig Boy ltigttomatolt/igtlt/h1gt
• Incorrect
• lth1gtBig Boy ltigttomatolt/h1gtlt/igt
• Not all tags can contain all other tags, those
  tags affect entire paragraphs and are called
  block-level tags
• Tags that affect individual words or letters are
  called inline

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HTML Building Blocks

• Spacing
• HTML browsers will ignore extra spaces between
  tags
• ltpgt tags
• A return at the end of a paragraph will not
  appear in a browsed page. Instead, you have to
  use a P tag
• However, you cannot repeat the P tag because the
  extra tags are ignored
• Tags with automatic line breaks
• Block-level tags (e.g., P, H1, BR, UL, and
  Table)
• Inline-line tags do not begin new line (e.g., EM,
  B, and IMG)

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HTML Building Blocks

• Special Symbols
• The standard ASCII set contains 128 characters
  and can be used perfectly well for English
  documents.
• However, accents, curly quotes, and many commonly
  used symbols cannot be found in this group.
• See Appendix B
• ltalt, gtgt ?, and ? Look it up!

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HTML Building Blocks

• File Names
• User lowercase file names
• Use proper extension
• htm
• html
• No spaces

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HTML Building Blockshttp//www.raritanval.edu/MM/
multimediahome.htm

• URLs Universal Resource Locator
• Address
• 1st part is scheme
• http, ftp, news, mailto, https
• File
• 2nd part is name of server where file is located
• Sometimes, a URL ends in a trailing forward slash
  with no file name given.
• http//www.site.com/liz/ usually refer to
  index.html
• A scheme is generally followed by a colon and 2
  forward slashes Mailto and News are exceptions

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HTML Building Blocks

• Absolute URLs
• Relative URLs
• .. To reference a file in a directory at a higher
  level of the file hierarchy.