On the Way to ILC

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On the Way to ILC

• Shekhar Mishra
• Fermilab
• Talk presented on behalf of ILC-GDE
• 2/16/06

Talk Presented at the 2006 Aspen Winter
Conference "Particle Physics at the Verge of
Discovery"
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International Linear Collider Performance
Specification (White Paper)

• Initial maximum energy of 500 GeV, operable over
  the range 200-500 GeV for physics running.
• Equivalent (scaled by 500 GeV/?s) integrated
  luminosity for the first four years after
  commissioning of 500 fb-1.
• Ability to perform energy scans with minimal
  changeover times.
• Beam energy stability and precision of 0.1.
• Capability of 80 electron beam polarization over
  the range 200-500 GeV.
• Two interaction regions, at least one of which
  allows for a crossing angle enabling gg
  collisions.
• Ability to operate at 90 GeV for calibration
  running.
• Machine upgradeable to approximately 1 TeV.

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Road to Reference Design Report
ITRP Recommendation (Aug 2004) Superconducting
RF is accelerating technology for ILC

• 1st ILC Workshop at KEK (11/2004)
• working groups (WG) formed to begin identifying
  contentious design issues
• 2nd ILC Workshop Snowmass (8/2005)
• modified WG continue identifying baseline design
  and alternatives
• newly formed Global Groups begin to discuss and
  catalogue global design issues
• 2nd Snowmass week concentrate on the list of
  Top 40 critical design questions
• 1st Meeting of the ILC-GDE (12/2005)
• Acceptance of the Baseline Configuration Document
  (BCD)
• Start work towards the Reference Design Report
  (12/2006, with Cost)
• Formation of Accelerator System, Technology and
  Global systems
• Formation of
• Design and Cost Board, Change Control Board and
  RD Board

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GDE RDR / RD Organization
FALC
ICFA
FALC Resource Board
ILCSC
GDE Directorate
GDE
GDE Executive Committee
GDE R D Board
GDE Change Control Board
GDE Design Cost Board
Global RD Program
RDR Design Matrix
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GDE RDR / RD Organization
FALC
ICFA
FALC Resource Board
ILCSC
GDE Directorate
GDE Executive Committee
GDE R D Board
GDE Change Control Board
GDE Design Cost Board
Global RD Program
RDR Design Matrix
ILC Design Effort
ILC RD Program
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Mission of Global Design Effort

• Produce a design for the ILC that includes
• A detailed design concept
• Performance assessments
• Reliable international costing
• An industrialization plan
• Siting analysis
• Detector concepts and scope
• Coordinate worldwide prioritized proposal driven
  R D efforts
• To demonstrate and improve the performance
• Reduce the costs
• Attain the required reliability, etc.

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The Baseline Machine (500GeV)
30 km
ML 10km (G 31.5MV/m)
20mr
RTML 1.6km
2mr
BDS 5km
e undulator _at_ 150 GeV (1.2km)
x2
R 955m E 5 GeV
not to scale
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Luminosity Table

• min nom max
• Bunch charge N 1 2 2 x1010
• Number of bunches nb 1330 2820 5640
• Linac bunch interval tb 154 308 461 ns
• Bunch length sz 150 300 500 mm
• Vertical emittance gey 0.03 0.04 0.08
  mm.mrad
• IP beta (500GeV) bx 10 21 21 mm
• by 0.2 0.4 0.4 mm
• IP beta (1TeV) bx 10 30 30 mm
• by 0.2 0.3 0.6 mm

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Baseline Electron Source

• DC Guns incorporating photocathode illuminated
  by a Ti Sapphire drive laser.
• Long electron microbunches (2 ns) are bunched
  in a bunching section
• Accelerated in a room temperature linac to about
  100 MeV and SRF linac to 5 GeV.

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Baseline Positron Source

• Helical Undulator Based Positron Source with Keep
  Alive System
• The undulator source will be placed at the 150
  GeV point in main electron linac.
• This will allow constant charge operation across
  the foreseen centre-of-mass energy operating
  range.

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ILC Damping Ring Baseline Design

• Positrons Two rings of 6 km circumference in
  a single tunnel.
• Two rings are needed to reduce e-cloud effects
  unless significant progress can be made with
  mitigation techniques.
• Preferred to 17 km due to
• Space-charge effects
• Acceptance
• Tunnel layout (commissioning time, stray fields)
• Electrons one 6 km ring.
• Preferred to 3 km due to
• Larger gaps between mini-trains for clearing
  ions.
• Injection and extraction kickers low risk

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Main Linac Baseline RF Unit
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SRF Cavity Gradient
Cavity type Qualifiedgradient Operational gradient Length energy
MV/m MV/m Km GeV
initial TESLA 35 31.5 10.6 250
upgrade LL 40 36.0 9.3 500
assuming 75 fill factor
Total length of one 500 GeV linac ? 20km
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Baseline ILC Cryomodule

• The baseline ILC Cryomodule will have 8 9-Cell
  cavities per cryomodule. The quadrupole will be
  at the center in the baseline design.
• Every 4th cryomodule in the linac would include
  a quadrupole with a corrector and BPM package.

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Modulator
Baseline
Alternate
Operation an array of capacitors is charged in
parallel, discharged in series. (2m)Will test
full prototype in 2006
The Bouncer Compensated Pulse Transformer Style
Modulator
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RF Power Baseline Klystrons
Specification 10MW MBK 1.5ms pulse 65 efficiency
Thales
CPI
Toshiba
ILC (XFEL _at_ DESY) has a very limited experience
with these Klystrons. Production and operation of
these Klystron are issues that needs to be
addressed.
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Beam Delivery System Baseline Alternatives

• Baseline (supported, at the moment, by GDE exec)
• two BDSs, 20/2mrad, 2 detectors, 2 longitudinally
  separated IR halls
• Alternative 1
• two BDSs, 20/2mrad, 2 detectors in single IR hall
  _at_ Z0
• Alternative 2
• single IR/BDS, collider hall long enough for two
  push-pull detectors

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From Baseline to a RDR
July
Dec
2006
Jan
Bangalore
Frascati
Vancouver
Valencia
Freeze Configuration Organize for RDR
Review Design/Cost Methodology
Review Initial Design / Cost
Review Final Design / Cost RDR Document
Design and Costing
Release RDR
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ILC RD

• Major laboratories around the world are working
  on the ILC Accelerator RD.
• Europe
• DESY (TESLA) (55 Institutions)
• European XFEL
• CARE (11 Institutions)
• EuroTeV (27 Institutions)
• UK-LCABD (15 Institutions)
• Americas (9 Laboratories and Universities)
• Fermilab
• SLAC
• Asia (6 Institution in 5 countries)
• KEK

Some Highlights of RD Activities
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Key Issues ILC Main Linac Accelerator Technology

• The feasibility demonstration for the ILC
  requires that a cryomodule be assembled and
  tested at the design gradient of 35 MV/m.
• Cavity technology development to routinely
  achieve gt 35 MV/m and Q 0.5-1e10,
• Finalize the design of an RF Unit and evaluate
  the reliability issues. It is important to fully
  test the basic building block of the Linac.
• High Power Coupler, HOM, Tuner etc.
• 10 MWatt Multi-Beam Klystron, Fabrication,
  Operation and reliability
• RF Distribution, Controls and LLRF
• Instrumentation and Feedback
• Quadrupole, Corrector and Instrumentation package
• Cryogenic Distribution

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Europe ILC RD

• DESY is leading the ILC RD in Europe. The XFEL
  at DESY uses ILC Technology and have common RD
  goals.
• Cavity Gradient
• Industrial studies and development of Main Linac
  Components.
• Coupler
• RF Power
• Cryogenics (LHC)
• Instrumentation
• Beam Delivery System

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DESY ILC Accelerator Modules in Operation
In single cavity measurements 6 out of 8
cavities reach 30 MV/m!
At present DESY is operating modules
2 ACC1 Febr 04 1 ACC2 June 02 3 ACC3 April
03 4 ACC4 April 03 5 ACC5 April 03
ACC5
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ILC RD at Fermilab

• ILC RD effort at Fermilab is focused on key
  design technical issues in support of the RDR,
  cost estimate and eventually the CDR for the ILC.
• We also have the goal of positioning the Americas
  to host the ILC at Fermilab
• Our efforts are focused on two main areas of the
  ILC
• Main Linac Design
• Civil and Site Development
• Main Linac RD
• The goals are to demonstrate the feasibility of
  all Main Linac technical components, develop
  engineering designs, estimate costs, explore cost
  reduction, and engage US industry
• Civil and Site Development
• Fermilab is working with the GDE and
  international partners to develop a matrix for
  comparing possible ILC sites
• We also work to develop U.S. sites on or near
  Fermilab

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ILC 1.3 GHz Cavities _at_ FNAL
Bead pull RF Testing _at_ FNAL
Joint ANL/FNAL BCP/EP Facility
4 cavities received from ACCEL 4 cavities on
order at AES 4 cavities expected from KEK

• Industrial fabrication of cavities.
• BCP and vertical testing at Cornell (25 MV/m)
• EP and vertical testing at TJNL. ( 35 MV/m)
• Joint BCP/EP facility being developed ANL (late
  06)
• High Power Horizontal test facility _at_ FNAL
  (ILCTA-MDB)
• Vertical test facility under development _at_ FNAL (
  IB1)
• Single/large Crystal cavity development with TJNL

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Jlab Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium

• Nb Discs

• LL cavity 2.3GHz

Epeak/Eacc 2.072 Hpeak/Eacc 3.56 mT/MV/m
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SLAC Accelerator Design (RDR)

• Strong efforts throughout the design effort
• Electron and positron sources
• Contributions to the damping rings and RMTL
• Main linac design and instrumentation
• Rf sources
• Beam Delivery System
• Civil construction and conventional facilities
• Able to provide leadership for some RDR Area
  Sub-systems

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SLAC ILC RD Program

• Broad RD Program (cont.)
• Linac rf sources
• Marx generator modulator
• Electron and Positron sources
• NC structure, E-166, electron laser, and cathode
• Damping rings
• SEY studies in PEP-II

Positron capturestructures
12 KV Marx Cell
SEY Test Chamber for PEP-II
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KEK ILC Activities Highlights
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KEK ATF Facility for DR and FF
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KEK Main Linac RF Unit RD
Goal Achieve Higher Gradient gt40 MV/m in a new
Cavity Design
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Summary

• After the technology selection the ILC
  Collaboration has made considerable progress
  towards the design of the ILC.
• The Baseline and Alternate design for each major
  Accelerator subsystems were defined at Snowmass
  2005.
• The ILC-GDE has a approved the Baseline
  Configuration Document.
• The ILC-GDE is developing the ILC Reference
  Design Report, with cost estimate. It is expected
  to be done by the end of CY06
• The ILC RD around the world is moving fast
  with focus on key Accelerator Issues.