Introduction: Close Encounters with the Strange

1
Introduction Close Encounters with the Strange

• Chapter 1

2
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• This book is for you who have stared into the
  night sky or the dark recesses of a room, hairs
  raised on the back of your neck, eyes wide, faced
  with an experience you couldnt explain but about
  which you have never stopped wondering, Was it
  real?
• It is for you who have read and heard about UFOs,
  psychic phenomena, time travel, out-of body
  experiences, ghosts, monsters, astrology,
  reincarnation, mysticism, quantum physics, and a
  thousand other extraordinary things.

3
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• You may often ask are these things true?
• Most of all, its for you who believe, as
  Einstein did, that the most beautiful experience
  we can have is the mysterious- and who yet, like
  him, have the courage to ask tough questions
  until the mystery yields answers.

4
The Importance of Why

• Pick up almost any book or magazine on such
  subjects. It will tell you that some
  extraordinary phenomenon is real or illusory,
  that some strange claim is true or false,
  probable or improbable.
• Plenty of people around you will gladly offer you
  their beliefs (often unshakable) about the most
  amazing things.

5
The Importance of Why

• In this blizzard of assertions, you hear a lot of
  whats, but seldom any good whys.
• That is, you hear the beliefs, but seldom any
  solid reasons behind them-nothing substantial
  enough to justify your sharing beliefs nothing
  reliable enough to indicate that these assertions
  are likely to be true.

6
The Importance of Why

• You may hear naiveté, passionate advocacy, fierce
  denunciation, one-sided sifting of evidence,
  defense of the party line, leaps of faith, jumps
  to false conclusions, plunges into wishful
  thinking, and courageous stands in the shaky
  ground of subjective certainty.
• But the good reasons are missing.

7
The Importance of Why

• Even if you hear good reasons, you may end up
  forming a firm opinion on one extraordinary
  claim, but fail to learn any principle that would
  help you with a similar case.
• Or you hear good reasons, but no one bothers to
  explain why theyre so good, why theyre most
  likely to lead to the truth.
• Or no one may dare to answer the ultimate why-
  why good reasons are necessary to begin with.

8
The Importance of Why

• Without good whys, humans have no hope of
  understanding all that we fondly call weird-or
  anything else, for that matter.
• Without good whys, our beliefs are simply
  arbitrary, with no more claim to knowledge that
  the random choice of a playing card.
• Without good whys to guide us, our beliefs lose
  their value in a world where beliefs are already
  a dime a dozen.

9
The Importance of Why

• Space aliens are abducting your neighbors. Your
  were a medieval stable boy in a former life.
  Nostradamus predicted JFKs assassination. Herbs
  can cure AIDS. Levitation is possible. Reading
  tarot cards reveals character. Science proves the
  wisdom of Eastern mysticism. We are all God.
  Near-death experiences prove that there is life
  after death. Crystals heal. Elvis lives.
• Do you believe any of these claims?

10
The Importance of Why

• The big question then is why? Why do you believe
  or disbelieve?
• Belief alone-without good whys-cant help us get
  one inch closer to the truth.
• A hasty rejection or acceptance of a claim cant
  help us tell the difference between whats
  actually likely to be true (or false) and what we
  merely want to be true (or false).
• Beliefs that do not stand on our best reasons and
  evidence simply dangle in thin air, signifying
  nothing except our transient feelings or personal
  preferences.

11
The Importance of Why

• You may hear that theres reliable scientific
  evidence to prove the reality of psychokinesis
  (moving physical objects with mind power alone).
• But you may never hear a careful explanation of
  why scientific evidence is necessary in the first
  place.
• Most scientists would say that the common
  experience of thinking of a friend and then
  suddenly getting a phone call from that person
  doesnt prove telepathy (communication between
  minds without use of the five senses).
• But why not?

12
The Importance of Why

• Say a hundred people have independently tried
  eating a certain herb and now swear that it has
  cured them of cancer. Scientists would say that
  these one hundred stories constitute anecdotal
  evidence that doesnt prove the effectiveness of
  the herb at all.
• But why not?
• There is indeed a good answer, but it is tough to
  come by.

13
The Importance of Why

• The answer is to be found in the principles that
  distinguish good reasons for bad ones.
• You neednt take these principles (or any other
  statements) on faith.
• Through your own careful use of reason, you can
  verify their validity for yourself.

14
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• We show that there are good reasons for believing
  that the following claims are, in fact, false
• Theres no such thing as objective truth. We
  make our own truth.
• Theres no such thing as objective reality. We
  make our own reality.
• There are spiritual, mystical, or inner ways of
  knowing that are superior to our ordinary ways of
  knowing.
• If an experience seems real, it is real.

15
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• If an idea feels right to you, it is right.
• We are incapable of acquiring knowledge of the
  true nature of reality.
• Science itself is irrational or mystical. Its
  just another faith or belief system or myth, with
  no more justification than any other.
• It doesnt matter whether beliefs are true or
  not, as long as theyre meaningful to you.

16
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• If some of these ideas are true, knowing anything
  about anything (including weird stuff) is
  impossible.
• If you honestly believe any of these ideas, you
  cut your chances of ever discovering whats real
  or true.
• Rejecting these notions is liberating and
  empowering.

17
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• Lets examine the idea that there is no such thing
  as objective truth. This means that reality is
  literally whatever each of us believes it to be.
• So, truth isnt objective its subjective.
• It may not be true for you, but its true for
  me.
• The problem is, if theres no objective truth,
  then no statement is objectively true, including
  the statement, Theres no such thing as
  objective truth. This statement refutes itself.

18
Beyond Weird to the Absurd

• The next point is that if such outrageous notions
  shackle us, rejecting them sets us free.
• To reject them is to say that we can know things
  about the world- and that our ability to reason
  and weigh evidence is what helps us gain that
  knowledge.

19
A Weirdness Sampler

• 48 of Americans believe in ESP, 35 believe in
  telepathy, 56 believe in the devil 5 believe
  that theyve either talked or been talked to by
  the devil, 42 believe that people on Earth are
  sometimes possessed by the devil, 72 believe in
  angels, 25 believe in astrology, 30 believe in
  ghosts, 18 believe that have been touched by
  someone who has died, 17 have consulted a
  fortune-teller or psychic, 12 believe in
  channeling, 33 believe that houses can be
  haunted, 48 believe that UFOs are something
  real and not just peoples imaginations. 45
  believe that UFOs havevisited Earth in some
  form. 31 believe that a spacecraft from another
  planet crashed in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947.
• There are many, many more extraordinary things
  that thousands of people experience, believe in,
  and change their lives because of.

20
A Weirdness Sampler

• Hundreds of people who were near death but did
  not die have told of blissful experiences in the
  beyond. There reports vary, but certain details
  keep recurring While they were at deaths door,
  a feeling of peace overcame them. They watched as
  they floated above their own bodies. They
  traveled through a long, dark tunnel. They
  entered a bright, golden light and glimpsed
  another world of unspeakable beauty. They say
  long lost relatives, they then returned to their
  own bodies, awoke, and were transformed by their
  incredible experience.
• Such episodes are known as near-death experiences
  (NDEs). Many who have had such experiences say
  that their NDEs give undeniable proof of life
  after death.
• Some people report the often chilling experience
  known as a precognitive dream, a dream that seems
  to foretell the future.

21
A Weirdness Sampler

• Such dreams can have a profound emotional impact
  on the dreamer and may spark a firm belief in the
  paranormal. Has anybody actually done research to
  see if dreams are precognitive?
• Some U.S. military officers have expressed strong
  interest in an astonishing psychic phenomenon
  called remote viewing. Its the alleged ability
  to accurately perceive information about distant
  geographical locations without using any known
  sense.
• Experiments have been conducted on the
  phenomenon, and some people have said that these
  tests prove that remote viewing is real.

22
A Weirdness Sampler

• A lot of people look to psychics, astrologers,
  and tarot card readers to obtain a precious
  commodity predictions about the future.
• Heres an example On April 2, 1981, four days
  after the assassination attempt on President
  Reagan, the world was told that a Los Angeles
  psychic had predicted the whole thing weeks
  earlier.
• On that April morning, NBCs Today show, ABCs
  Good Morning America, and Cable News Network
  aired a tape showing the psychic.

23
A Weirdness Sampler

• Tamara Rand, offering a detailed prediction of
  the assassination attempt. That tape was said to
  have been made on January 6, 1981.
• She foresaw that Reagan would be shot by a
  sandy-haired young man with the initials J.H.,
  that Reagan would be wounded in the chest, that
  there would be a hail of bullets, and that the
  fateful day would occur in the last week of April.

24
Does physics prove that weird things occur?

• At the quantum level, yes mighty weird things
  occur, like quantum entanglement
• But do quantum phenomena occur with larger pieces
  of animate matter, like you and I?

25
A Weirdness Sampler

• The Exorcist dramatized it. The Amityville
  Horror reinforced awareness of it. The Catholic
  Church endorses it. It is the idea of demon
  possession.
• Is the Amityville horror house really haunted
  Sort of but not by ghosts

26
Ancient Astronauts?

• Do ancient drawings prove that ancient beings
  came from the sky and landed here?
• What could the lines at Nazca be an ancient
  landing strip?

27
Homeopathic Cures

• Can incredibly dilute solutions actually be
  potent as medicines?
• Like cures like?
• Sympathetic magic and medicine can be taken as
  legitimate cures or curses?

28
The 100th Monkey phenomenon

• If enough minds, man or monkey, focus their
  attention on a problem, can such a collective
  consciousness change the world?
• 1970 Anti-war protests and the attempt to
  levitate the Pentagon off the planetMaybe it
  just takes still MORE minds

29
What is science?

• Science is what we have learned about how to not
  fool ourselves. Richard Feymann
• Science represents out most committed effort to
  verify that our statements about the world are
  true Or least not false. Sam Harris
• Sam Harris has it slightly wrong science does
  not show things to be true, science just shows
  things to be false.

30
Why is the weird stuff so appealing?

• Science is not as user friendly as the weird
  stuff science makes demands upon the user.
• The weird stuff is much less demanding, offering
  simple explanations for complex events.
• Joseph Jastrow, American psychologist, 1863-1944,
  the human psychological apparatus, (our brain and
  how we behave mentally and emotionally) is
  vulnerable to a host of errors in thinking and
  emotion that can lead people to uncritically
  accept the existence of the paranormal.