Dermatophytes Ring Worm

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DermatophytesRing Worm
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Systemic Fungal Diseases

• 1. Blastomycosis
• 2. Coccidiomycosis
• 3. Cryptococcosis
• 4. Histoplasmosis

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Endemic areas for systemic fungi
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Blastomycosis

• Due to infection by fungal spores of Blastomyces
  dermatitidis, most commonly by inhalation and
  respiratory colonization.
• Geographic Regions Great River Valleys
• Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio river valleys.
  Also seen in the wetter areas of the mid Atlantic
  and southern states and also in the southern
  Canadian waterways.

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Blastomycosis

• Infection due to inhalation of spores. Dogs and
  people seems most susceptible, especially young
  adult large breed dogs.
• Signs develop weeks to months after inhalation.
• Symptoms 65-85 show respiratory signs
• (difficult breathing, cyanosis), 20-50 ocular
  signs (Uveititis, glaucoma), 10-15 show bone
  involvement and 30-50 show skin nodules
• Cats-Rare here

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Blasto
Blastomycosis
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Blastomycosis

• Diagnosis Id organisms in tissue by aspirate or
  biopsy. Serological testing
• TreatmentIntraconazole, Ketaconazole
• Amphotericin B

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Histoplasmosis

• Soil borne fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
• Most prevalent in moist soils containing bird or
  bat waste. Like Blasto is seen primarily in the
  great river valleys.
• Route of entry Respiratory in most cases but
  also possibly oral exposure
• Cats and Dogsequally susceptible

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Histoplasmosis

• Symptoms Dogs manifest GI or respiratory signs
  but seldom both
• Disseminated Histoplasmosis with GI signs
  accounts for most clinical cases. Small and
  large intestinal diarrhea, weight loss, low
  protein and blood loss in the intestine (melena,
  hematochezia)
• Hepatosplenogemegaly
• Histo seldom is associated with bone, ocular or
  dermal lesions

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Histoplasmosis

• Feline dont usually show gi signs, see weight
  loss, anemia, respiratory signs, enlarged lymph
  nodes and enlarged spleens and livers.
• Diagnosisid organism on cytology or on
  histology. Rectal mucosae scrapings in dogs,
  aspirate lymph nodes
• Serology (unreliable??)

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Histoplasmosis

• Treatment
• Intraconazole
• Fluconazole

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Cryptococcosis

• Does not have defined geographic regions of the
  country.
• Avian habitats (pigeons are the most important
  vector)
• Cats may be more susceptible to infection than
  are dogs.
• Infection normally enters the body thru the
  respiratory tract.

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Crypto in Cats

• Most common systemic fungal infection in cats.
• Symptoms
• Upper respiratory infection in 50-60 of the
  cases.
• Nasal or facial deformity, mass on the top of the
  nose.
• Skin lesions
• Ocular lesions, CNS lesions, encephalitis,
  blindness

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Crypto
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Pigeon, A Vector forHistoplasmosis and
Cryptococcus
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Valley FeverCoccidioides immitisCoccidiodes
posadasii

• San Joaquin Valley Fever
• Valley rheumatism
• Cocci

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Coccidioidomycosis

• First recognized as a human disease in 1892 in
  Argentina.
• First animal case was in cattle in 1918
• 10-50 of residents in endemic areas can test
  positive to the skin test
• Spore can survive in the soil for long periods of
  time
• Considered an emerging disease

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Valley Fever
Valley Fever Distribution
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Valley Fever USA
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Valley Fever

• Spore grows in areas of low rainfall, high summer
  temperatures and mild winters
• Alkaline sandy soil environment
• Spores become airborne when the soil is disturbed
  by construction, farming etc.
• Infection occurs when the spore is inhaled
• In the lung the spore changes into a sphericle
  which ruptures releasing endospores which develop
  into more sphericles
• Symptoms occur within 3 weeks of inhalation

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Valley Fever Life cycle
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SymptomsCanine

• Fever
• Coughing
• Weight loss
• Decreased energy
• Decreased appetite
• Lameness
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Neck and back pain
• Abscess like skin sores
• Seizures
• Around 70 of infections are asymptomatic

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Disseminationof Cocci

• Dissemination is defined as spread of
  coccidioidal infection beyond the traeobronchial
  and mediastinal lymph nodes.
• Areas involved skeleton (bones), skin, internal
  organs and the central nervous system (CNS).

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Lung DiseaseValley Fever
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Valley FeverCanine Lungs
Hilar Lymphadenopathy
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Valley FeverTibia
Bone lesions are Common in the Disseminated
form Of the disease.
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SymptomsCats

• Unexplained weight loss
• Coughing
• Fever
• Ulcerations on skin that wont heal

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Skin UlcerationFeline
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Valley FeverFeline
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Other Susceptible Animals

• Llama
• Non-Human primates
• Cattle
• Horses
• Zoo and Wild animals

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Diagnosis

• Sputum test (humans)
• Antibody titer Igm and Igg
• Skin Test (humans)
• Symptoms
• Chest Xrays
• Living in or visiting endemic areas

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Valley Fever Treatment

• Ketaconazole
• Fluconazole
• Intraconazole

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Valley FeverPrognosis
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Valley Fever in Man

• Reportable disease
• Considered a Serious biohazard as the spores are
  highly contagious.
• Disease is worse in people with compromised
  immune systems.

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Valley Fever
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Valley Fever
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