National Parks formed by Volcanic Activity part 2

1
National Parks formed by Volcanic Activity (part
2)

• Yellowstone National Park
• Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument
• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

2
Rhyolite
3
Andesite
4
Basalt
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Volcanism

• Extrusive igneous rocks
• Different chemistry
• High Silica 70 Rhyolite
• Moderate Silica 60 Andesite
• Low Silica 50 Basalt
• Chemistry controls viscosity
• Rhyolitic very viscous
• Basaltic very runny

6
Volcanic Rocks

• Pyroclastic material (based on size)
• Ash Tuff
• Lapilli
• Blocks
• Lava Flows
• Aa
• Pahoehoe
• Pumice and Scoria

7
Types of Volcanoes

• Shield Volcano
• Composite cone
• Volcanic dome
• Cinder cone

8
Shield vs Composite
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Location of Volcanoes

• Divergent plate boundaries
• Mid ocean ridges
• Continental rift zone
• Convergent plate boundaries
• Oceanic-Oceanic Crust
• Oceanic-Continental Crust
• Hot spots

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Hot Spots
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Hot Spots World-wideParks covered in this
lecture are all sourced by hot spots, but in
different settings
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Yellowstone National Park
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Vital Statistics

• Northwestern Wyoming MT, ID
• 2,220,000 acres
• 3500 square miles
• Grand Teton NP

14
Human History

• 11,000 ya evidence for Indigenous Americans
• 1700s French Trappers in area
• Sheep-Eaters (Shoshone), Blackfoot, Crow,
  Sioux, Nez Perce Tribes
• 1806 Louis Clark
• 1820s-1840s trappers

15
Human History (cont)

• 1860s Prospectors Miners
• 1870 General Washburn, surveyer for Montana
• 1871 Hayden Expedition
• Late 1871, bill proposed
• 01 March 1872, bill to create first national park
  signed by President U.S. Grant.

16
Geologic Features

• Geysers
• Hot Springs
• Fumaroles
• Muddy vents Mud Pots, Mud Volcanoes, Mud
  Geysers, Paint Pots
• Lava Flows

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Geologic Features

• Pyroclasts
• Fossilized Forests
• Calderas
• Streams and Waterfalls
• Glaciations
• Landslides

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Geologic History

• 2700 mya sedimentary and igneous rocks
  metamorphosed to schist and gneiss
• Pz Mz 8,000 ft of sedimentary rocks
• 75 mya Cretaceous Uplift (Laramide Orogeny)
• Cz dominated by volcanic rocks and glaciation

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Geologic History

• Cz dominated by volcanic rocks and glaciation
• 40 mya Eocene volcanism
• 5 mya uplift, faulting, erosion
• 2 mya cycles of volcanic rocks and caldera
  collapse
• 1.5 mya beginning of glacial cycles

20
Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument
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Vital Statistics

• North Central Arizona
• 3,000 acres
• 4.5 square miles
• surrounded by Coconino National Forest.

22
Human History

• AD 600 Sinagua culture farmed area
• Between 1040 and 1100 eruption
• 1600 Spanish missionaries
• 1870s John Wesley Powell

23
Human History

• In 1928 a company wishing to film a landslide for
  the movie Avalanche proposed blowing up Sunset
  Crater.
• 1930 proclaimed NM by President Herbert Hoover,
  to protect its geologic formations.
• 1990 name changed to Sunset Crater Volcano
  National Monument.

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Geologic Features

• Cinder cone
• Lava Flows
• Ice cave
• Lava Tube

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Geologic History

• Early history Colorado Plateau
• 6 mya volcanism begins in area (W-E)
• 1040-1100 eruption at Sunset
• Colorado Plateaus most recent volcanic eruption

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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
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Vital Statistics

• Southwest side of island of Hawaii
• 333,000 acres
• 500 square miles

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Human History

• 2000 to 1600 years ago - Polynesians
• 1400 isolation
• 1778 Captain Cook
• 1790s Captain Vancouver scientific
• 1820s Missionaries

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Human History (cont)

• 1900 Territory of US
• 1912 USGS Volcano observatory
• 1916 Hawaiian Volcanoes NP
• 1959 Hawaii became state
• 1960 Haleakala NP separated from Hawaii NP

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Geologic Features

• Shield Volcanoes
• Fault Scarps
• Lava Flows
• Lava Tunnels

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Five Volcanoes on Hawaii
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Geologic Features

• Tree Molds
• Foot Prints
• Erosional Features
• Mudflow and other Mass Wasting
• Green-sand Beach

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Geologic History

• 40 mya Hawaiian Islands begin to form
• 3 mya Island of Maui
• 2 mya Island of Hawaii