The Fourteenth Century CRISIS

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The Fourteenth Century CRISIS
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Problems in the Papacy

• Papacy had become a weapon in English-French
  political rivalry
• 1305, Pope Clement V (a Frenchman) moved Papacy
  to Avignon
• He claimed he was there to help with
  international tensions, but many people and
  governments were angered

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Avignon and Rome
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Reactions and Consequences

• New Pope, Urban VI, alienates French cardinals
• They declare him deposed
• Two popes reign one in Rome, one in Avignon
• excommunication

• Pro-English and Pro-French countries lined up
• Babylonian Captivity 1305-78
• In 1378 Pope Gregory XI moved papacy back

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Facing Off

• 1378-1415 is called the Great Schism
• Two popes until 1409 three popes until 1415
• Council of Constance, 1415, elects Pope Martin V

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The Plague Hits

• Cycle of famine begins, ca. 1300, ending with
  1309 continent-wide disaster
• Etiology a bacillus (rod-shaped bacterium)
  carried by rats
• How did it get to Europe?
• Climate change?
• Rodent migration?
• Mongols?

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