Testing a Hispanic Intergenerational Caregiving Model

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Testing a Hispanic Intergenerational Caregiving
Model

• Socorro Escandón, PhD, RN
• Assistant Professor
• University of New Mexico
• March 16, 2007
• SEscandon_at_salud.unm.edu

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Purpose

• To test the intergenerational family caregiving
  model of role acceptance

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Background

• Viewed as a part of and an extension of
  supportive behaviors between individuals
• Cultural undertones to caregiving
• What is supportive in one culture may not be in
  another
• Not been well studied
• Be more likely to use family as a resource for
  solving problems

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Design/Methods

• Grounded theory methodology
• Interviews were taped
• Analyzed using constant comparative method of
  analysis
• Interview data was coded
• Concepts identified
• compared between subjects
• Compared to concepts from original study
• All interviews in English

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Inclusion Criteria

• 21 years of age
• Related to community-dwelling elder
• Consanguinal or acquired kinship ties
• Provided at least one intermittent service
  without pay at least once a month
• Lived within a 50-mile radius
• Self-identified as Hispanic

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Sample Description

• Diverse group of women (n8)
• Age ranged from 44 to 73 years
• Five/seven elders lived with the caregiver in the
  caregivers home
• One with caregiver in a mutually owned home
• One had in a nursing home

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Core Category/ Process
Phases Sub-phases
Sub-Processes
Phase I Introduction/ Early CareGiving
Experiences Early Age Responsibilities
Past Observation of CareGiving Past Kin Help
Role Making
Phase II Role Reconciliation Role
Assignment Acceptable Family Conduct
Transition
Role Acceptance
Role Recognition
Phase III Role Imprint Embracing the Role
Timing of Role Entry Give Back
Phase IV Providing/Projecting Care Family
Impact Social Impact Projecting Future
Current Kin Help Dialog with Next Generation
Role Execution
Escandón, S. 2006. Mexican American
Intergenerational Caregiving Model. WJNR, 28,
(5), p.572
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Phase I Introduction/ Early Caregiving
Experiences

• Defined
• A time when caregivers became
• acquainted with the expectations related
  to the caregiving role

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Past Observation of Caregiving Original
Study Second Study

• I saw caregiving pretty much since I was a small
  child, my aunt in MexicoI saw her caregiving to
  other people, relatives and things like that. My
  mother was a caregiver for my auntI saw that
  happening all the time

• likemy grandmathere was always the aunties
  there. My aunts always shared hershed stay so
  long here, so long there.

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Phase II Role Reconciliation

• Defined
• a time when caregivers acknowledge on a conscious
  level their agreement regarding their roles as
  caregivers in addition to their roles as
  daughters, granddaughters, or nieces

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Role Assignment Original Study
Second Study

• Not that I was the one, but I knew that I would
  have tobecause I am not married, everybody else
  was, or has been married

• For some reason they always kind of pointed
  everything to memy sisters the oldest... my
  parents would comecome to my housedont know
  whyeverything is here.

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Phase III Role Imprint

• Defined
• a time that requires caregivers to change their
  behavior in response to changes in the elders
  health

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Embracing the Role Original Study
Second Study

• Ive been responsible for mothera long
  timebut Mom was having fallsshe was very
  depressed, so she moved in with me.

• My siblings idea was to leave him in a Nursing
  Home so I said noI took him out... took him
  with me and hes been with me ever since.

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Phase IV Providing/
Projecting Care

• Defined
• A time when the caregiving role is actualized

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Family Impact Original Study
Second Study

• we tell the kids that they can have their
  friends over, but they have to give us enough
  time so we can tell my auntcause the noise in
  the house really bothers her

• had a family sacrificed a lotI would work
  commute come backmake sure that my dad had his
  dinner go home and take care of my
  familystarted having problems with my ex-
  husband ...ended up in a divorce.

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Summary

• Three of the 14 categories within the sub-phases
  not well represented
• Past Kin Help
• Give back
• Dialog with Next Generation

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Core Category/ Process
Phases Sub-phases
Sub-Processes
Phase I Introduction/ Early CareGiving
Experiences Early Age Responsibilities
Past Observation of CareGiving Past Kin Help
Role Making
Phase II Role Reconciliation Role
Assignment Acceptable Family Conduct
Transition
Role Acceptance
Role Recognition
Phase III Role Imprint Embracing the Role
Timing of Role Entry Give Back
Phase IV Providing/Projecting Care Family
Impact Social Impact Projecting Future
Current Kin Help Dialog with Next Generation
Role Execution
Adapted Escandón, S. 2006. Mexican American
Intergenerational Caregiving Model. WJNR, 28,
(5), p.572
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New Category

• Family Turbulence
• Described times when an elder or a family member
  was either abused or placed in a position of
  possible neglect

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Example

• Our family was very dysfunctionalmy dad was
  very abusive
• My sister and my dad werent getting along so
  then my sister took my dad to his own apartment
  and just said here, heres Dad
• They the siblings didnt want anything with my
  dad anymore.

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Conclusion

• More research is needed
• Exploring Caregiving in Turbulent Situations