MPS Planning

1
MPS Planning

• A Living Document

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MPS MISSION STATEMENT

• To make discoveries about the Universe and the
  laws that govern it to create new knowledge,
  materials, and instruments which promote progress
  across science and engineering to prepare the
  next generation of scientists through research,
  and to share the excitement of exploring the
  unknown with the nation.

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SCIENTIFIC THEMES

• Charting the evolution of the Universe from the
  Big Bang to habitable planets and beyond
• Understanding the fundamental nature of space,
  time, matter, and energy
• Creating the molecules and materials that will
  transform the 21st century
• Developing tools for discovery and innovation
  throughout science and engineering
• Understanding how microscopic processes enable
  and shape the complex behavior of the living
  world
• Discovering mathematical structures and promoting
  new connections between mathematics and the
  sciences
• Conducting basic research that provides the
  foundation for our national health, prosperity,
  and security

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Beyond the Scientific Themes

• MPS Divisions and Priority Areas
• Facilities and Mid-Scale Projects
• Preparing the Next Generation
• Cyberscience and Cyberinfrastructure
• Connections

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Issues for Discussion

• Setting Priorities
• Across scientific themes
• Within scientific themes
• Cross-cutting emphases
• Modes
• Of Support IIA, groups, centers, facilities,
  instrumentation, workshops
• Of Partnering funding, co-funding, brokering
• Appropriate attention to
• The details the big picture
• The near term the long term
• Connecting the above
• To the MPS division structure
• To the NSF context

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Charting the Evolution of the Universe From the
Big Bang to Habitable Planets and Beyond
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Where We Are

• Science is at a critical point in the effort to
  understand how the Universe came to be and where
  the arrow of time points for its future. We have
  measured the fingerprint of the Big Bang left in
  the cosmic microwave background. We have begun
  to understand how that fingerprint grew to the
  vast structures of todays Universe. We have
  found over 100 planets orbiting other stars. Our
  study of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis
  shows that the chemical elements in the planets
  and in ourselves have a much simpler beginning at
  the dawn of time itself. Yet the success of our
  quest has revealed profound gaps in our basic
  understanding of the nature of matter and energy.
  The matter that we see in the stars accounts for
  less than a quarter of the matter that must be
  present. And the evolution of the universe, and
  its ultimate destiny, are ruled not by mass, but
  by a dark energy we cannot explain. To
  understand these puzzles we must unite astronomy
  and particle physics. We are now poised to
  search for the constituents of dark matter in the
  quiet environment of deep underground
  laboratories to follow the growth of structure
  through a cosmic census that will dwarf the
  output of all previous surveys to construct
  telescopes that will trace the seeds of structure
  spawned by gravity waves less than 300,000 years
  after the Big Bang and to undertake experiments
  that will probe the most elementary particles and
  the forces that rule them. We are poised to
  connect quarks with the cosmos.

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• What is dark matter made of?
• Why is the expansion of the Universe speeding up
  and what is the destiny of our Universe?
• Did the Universe begin in a burst of inflationary
  expansion?
• How and where did the chemical elements form and
  how has the composition of the Universe evolved?
• How did planetary systems form and how common are
  habitable planets? 
• When and where did the first stars form, and what
  were they like?
• How did galaxies form and how are they evolving?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions AST, PHY
• Relevant Priority Areas ITR, Math
• Facilities and Related Activities
• Current ALMA, Adaptive Optics LIGO
• Future LSST, ACT, GSMT, Underground Lab, AdvLIGO
• Workforce
• Excites interest in science and engineering
• Needs instrumentation, adaptive optics people
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Virtual observatory remote observation
• Imaging, pattern matching
• Modeling and simulation
• Connections
• NASA, DOE, International

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Issues

• Most approaches to this area require major
  facilities
• How do we take advantage of current facilities to
  do new types of science?
• What are our priorities for new facilities?
• How do we nurture RD for future facilities?
• How do we plan for operations in the future?
• How can we best invest in these opportunities in
  the near term, if the facilities do not come
  online for 5-10 years?
• Right now, the relevant community is fairly
  small. Should it grow? How?

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Understanding the Fundamental Nature ofSpace,
Time, Matter, and Energy
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Where We Are

• A central goal of human inquiry has been to
  understand the fundamental constituents of the
  physical world around us, and the basic physical
  forces and laws that govern our lives. Over the
  last century, a monumental intellectual synthesis
  has produced the standard model of particle
  physics, with its quarks, leptons, bosons, and so
  on. Yet we know that the present picture is
  seriously flawed. For example, astronomers have
  now convinced us that it does not account for the
  vast majority of the mass and energy of the
  universe. A number of new theories have been put
  forward to enable us to close the chapter on the
  Standard Model and to open a new chapter that
  revolutionizes our understanding of the
  fundamental nature of space, time, matter, and
  energy. Concepts like dark matter, dark energy,
  extra spatial dimensions, and supersymmetry
  challenge the limits of our understanding. A
  host of discovery experiments are being deployed
  to provide solid evidence of the new physics.
  These include searches for new fundamental
  particles and laws in high energy particle
  colliders, gravitational wave detectors, dark
  matter searches, measurements of rare processes
  in new sensitivity regimes, cosmic ray
  observatories, and more. A radically new
  fundamental picture of the universe and the
  nature of space, time, matter, and energy lies
  just ahead.

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• Did Einstein have the final word on gravity?
• What is the full set of natures building blocks?
• How many space-time dimensions are there and did
  they emerge from something more fundamental?
• What are the emergent phenomena in matter at the
  quantum level?
• Is there a single, unified force and how is it
  described?
• What happens to space time when two black holes
  collide?
• What are Natures highest energy particles and
  how were they accelerated? 
• What are the yet, undiscovered phases of matter?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions PHY, AST
• Relevant Priority Areas ITR, MATH, NANO
• Facilities and Related Activities
• Current LIGO
• Future LHC, ICECUBE, RSVP, Advanced LIGO,
  Underground Lab
• Workforce
• Excites interest in science
• Large collaborations can involve students at many
  levels, but may take years to obtain results
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• GRID Technology
• Detecting rare events in mountains of data
• Modeling and simulation
• Connections DOE, NASA, International

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Issues

• Most approaches to this area require major
  facilities
• How do we take advantage of current facilities to
  do new types of science?
• What are our priorities for new facilities?
• How do we nurture RD for future facilities?
• How do we plan for operations in the future?
• How can we best invest in these opportunities in
  the near term, if the facilities do not come
  online for 5-10 years?
• How do we ensure that young people in this area
  can make appropriate progress toward degrees?

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Creating Molecules and Materials that will
Transform the 21st Century

• Perhaps what is most significant about materials
  research throughout its history is that it
  tended to be a major limiting factor in
  determining the rate at which civilization could
  advance
• - Frederick Seitz

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Where We Are

• How can we create new molecules and materials,
  and understand, predict and control the
  associated electronic, magnetic, optical,
  chemical and mechanical properties and behavior
  that make them useful? Today, unprecedented
  computational capability is converging with the
  development of sophisticated instruments for
  atomic and molecular manipulation and control,
  and with increasingly precise and effective
  techniques for fabrication and characterization
  of molecules and materials, to provide unique
  opportunities and challenges for answering this
  question. We are beginning to learn from and
  mimic nature so as to introduce new levels of
  hierarchical complexity that produce
  fundamentally different materials properties on
  the macro-scale. We are beginning to develop
  bottom-up processes through self-assembly or
  guided assembly to build functional molecules and
  materials reliably from the atomic and molecular
  level on up. And we see the importance of
  understanding and exploiting emergent phenomena
  in complex systems ranging from superconductors
  to electronic and photonic materials, catalysts,
  biological structures and soft-matter systems.
  Attacking these and similar fundamental
  challenges will also stimulate rapid
  technological change, with the potential for
  profound impact on society. The results will
  ultimately be critical to better health care,
  improved computers and communications, efficient
  manufacturing, sustainable civil infrastructure
  and transportation, affordable energy, effective
  environmental protection and remediation, and
  increased national security.

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• What new materials can we create by learning from
  and imitating nature?
• How do we design and build new materials and
  molecules atom by atom?
• How can we bridge across length and time scales
  from atoms and molecules to complex structures
  and devices?
• How do we design and produce functional molecules
  and materials from first principles?
• What are the keys to predictive understanding and
  control of weak molecular interactions?
• Can we build molecular electronics and other
  devices to keep Moore's law valid?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions DMR, CHE, PHY
• Relevant Priority Areas NANO, ITR, MATH
• Facilities and Related Activities
• Current NHMFL, Beam Lines
• Future Neutron beam lines Xray sources
• Workforce
• Requires interdisciplinary training approaches
• Instrumentation, measurement expertise
• Broadly supportive of SE workforce development
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Modeling and simulation
• National Nanofabrication Network
• Connections ENG, BIO, CISE, DOE, NASA, Defense,
  NIST, international

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Issues

• What is the role of facilities and midscale
  infrastructure?
• How do we take advantage of current capabilities
  to do new types of science?
• What are our priorities for new infrastructure?
• How do we nurture RD for future capabilities?
• How do we plan for operations in the future?
• How do we strengthen and broaden the workforce in
  order to make the connection between basic
  research and national need?
• How do we set priorities within the portfolio?
• What is the role of NANO relative to other
  activities in the portfolio?

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Developing Tools for Discovery and Innovation
throughoutScience and Engineering
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Where We Are

• How do we see what is too small, too faint, or
  out of view of our human senses? How do we take
  in the very large or the very small in space or
  time when we have no point of reference? How do
  we measure strength, toughness, resiliency and
  other characteristics of materials? MPS fosters
  development of tools ranging from the bench top
  to multi-user facilities serving hundreds or
  thousands of researchers. These instruments open
  new windows into the universe, and they probe the
  fundamental particles of matter and the molecules
  and materials of modern technology. Tools
  developed through MPS support provide the
  capability for measurements of unprecedented
  sensitivity and range. New microscopes, light
  sources and neutron sources, high magnetic fields
  and novel spectroscopies, lasers that make it
  possible to manipulate individual atoms, a new
  generation of telescopes and instrumentation that
  allows astronomers to look outward in space and
  backward in time to the earliest epochs of galaxy
  formation these are examples of the cutting
  edge. In addition, scientists are poised to
  detect gravitational waves, and U.S. physicists
  will participate in international particle
  physics experiments at the highest energy
  frontier with detectors they developed.
• Two key areas provide new opportunities. The
  massive amounts of data generated from telescopes
  and detectors provide impetus for development of
  cyberinfrastructure and software such as grid
  computing and virtual observatories. At the
  other end of the scale, miniaturization will
  enable new approaches for biological and robotic
  applications and the exploration of new phenomena
  in materials.

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• How do we image and control individual atoms and
  molecules in 3 dimensions
• How do we develop coherent x-ray light sources?
• What are the limits to miniaturizing sensors and
  other detectors?
• How do we create self-assembling systems at the
  nano-scale? 
• How do we build detectors for new regimes -- high
  energy, short distances, ultra weak forces, rare
  events, and short time scales?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions AST, CHE, DMR, PHY
• Relevant Priority Areas ITR, NANO, BE
• Facilities and Related Activities
• Facilities made up of tools
• New tools may trigger new facilities
• Workforce
• Broad need for experts in measurement and
  instrumentation development, but generally not
  viewed as high priority at institutions, in
  disciplines
• Need for support personnel to keep tools working
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Tool for advancing MPS and other SE disciplines
• Connections Everywhere

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Issues

• Increasing cost for development of tools competes
  with active research programs
• Frequently, biggest beneficiaries are not in
  field where the tool is developed or maintained
• How do we turn the need for experts in
  measurement and instrumentation into an action
  plan for generating them?
• Shaping the portfolio
• Role of major facilities
• Role of mid-scale activities
• Reducing instrument costs for individual
  investigators and small groups
• Enabling broad use of instrumentation in education

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Understanding How Microscopic Processes Enable
and Shape the Complex Processes of the Living
World
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Where We Are

• Mathematical and physical scientists are critical
  to understanding the origins of life and the
  processes that enable our continued existence.
  What are plausible scenarios for spontaneous
  organization of a mixture of chemicals into
  ordered, self-replicating systems such as living
  cells? How do physiological processes such as
  breathing and thinking emerge out of complex,
  coupled arrays of individual reactions? Through
  the tools of the physical sciences, we now know
  answers to some of the what questions the
  sequence of genomes, the constituents of cells,
  the sectors of the brains neural pathways that
  fire in particular circumstances, and many
  others. With new capabilities at the micro- and
  nanoscales, we are now poised to make progress on
  the physical and chemical bases for how and
  why. We can explore the 3-dimensional
  properties of individual molecules (including
  protein folding), how numerous individually-weak
  bonds affect interactions, the spatial
  distribution of intracellular proteins, the
  dependence on the physical and chemical
  environment in the aggregation of cells, and the
  role of dynamics in function. We can now make
  the measurements of many dynamic functions
  simultaneously in a non-intrusive manner,
  enabling direct observation of physical and
  chemical processes. We have the tools for
  modeling, visualization, and comparison that are
  critical to understanding biological systems well
  enough to build predictive capabilities. Mastery
  of the dynamics of molecular complexity in living
  systems will enable us to answer fundamental
  questions and create functional systems and
  technologies with great societal impact.

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The Big Questions

• How do proteins fold and membranes work?
• What are the fundamental chemical processes that
  underlie environmental and climate change?
• How does nature make proteins? 
• What are the molecular origins of the emergent
  behavior that underlies life processes from
  heartbeats and circadian rhythms to neurological
  activity?
• How can we make chemistry greener?
• How do biological systems assemble themselves?
• How did the first biologically relevant molecules
  form and how did they organize into
  self-replicating cells?
• What can the laboratory of the living world tell
  us about emergent behavior in complex systems?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions CHE, DMR, DMS, PHY
• Relevant Priority Areas BE, MATH, NANO
• Facilities and Related Activities
• Current NHMFL, CHESS
• Future ERL, XFEL, SNS Beam Lines
• Workforce
• Requires training in interdisciplinary areas
• Potential for major impact on undergraduate
  science and on diversity because of number of
  students in life sciences
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Modeling and simulation of complex processes
• Databases for proteins, genomes, etc.
• Imaging, pattern matching, etc.
• Connections BIO, CISE, ENG, DOE, NIH,
  international

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Issues

• How do we ensure that there is synergy?
• Physical sciences use living world as laboratory.
• Life sciences benefit from ideas, tools, trained
  people in MPS fields.
• How do we partner effectively?
• NSF/BIO has limited scope
• NIH funding swamps NSF funding and could distort
  efforts in physical sciences
• What is the potential impact on MPS disciplines
  of the large number of undergraduates in the life
  sciences
• To influence the nature of introductory courses
• To influence the nature of advanced courses
• To generate undergraduate research opportunities
• To enhance numbers of majors in MPS disciplines

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Discovering Mathematical Structures and Promoting
New Connections between Mathematics and the
Sciences
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Where We Are

• The physical world as we know it is a messy
  place. The road to making discoveries about that
  world and the laws that govern it passes through
  a process of abstraction making simplifying
  assumptions and developing theories. Mathematics
  is the language of science and our foundation for
  developing the theories that lead to
  understanding nature. Deep relationships between
  the abstract structures of mathematics often
  reveal new connections in the physical world.
  Conversely, theories of the physical world can
  sometimes suggest unexpected relationships
  between abstract mathematical structures in
  algebraic, geometric, analytic, and probabilistic
  or statistical realms. This synergy between the
  physical and the abstract is central to the
  relationship between the mathematical sciences
  and other disciplines. For example, seemingly
  disconnected issues such as structures in string
  theory and patterns in high dimensional data lead
  to similar questions about computing the topology
  and geometry of spaces based on limited
  information. Computational capabilities have
  provided the mathematical sciences with new
  opportunities to experiment and to find
  sometimes-elegant ways to describe very messy
  behavior. We are now able to approach questions
  related to complex nonlinear phenomena,
  multiscale systems, and uncertainty,
  stochasticity and error propagation critical to
  making progress both in describing abstract
  mathematical structures and in linking such
  structures to physical problems.

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• How can uncertainty be quantified and controlled?
• How does complexity emerge in systems governed by
  simple rules?
• Which mathematical structures best describe
  multi-scale phenomena?
• How can we describe self-organizing systems
  mathematically?
• How can large, heterogeneous datasets be mined
  for information?
• What is the connection between simple questions
  about the integers and complex behavior in
  physical and computational systems?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions DMS, theoretical aspects of
  all others
• Relevant Priority Areas MATH, all others
• Facilities Seldom an issue
• Workforce
• Mathematics is a key underpinning for work in all
  areas of science and engineering
• Opportunity to reach a very broad range of
  students
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Underpinning for modeling and simulation
• Estimates of uncertainty
• Algorithm development
• Pattern matching, data mining
• Connections all NSF NIH, DOE, DARPA

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Issues

• Connection with the MATH priority area
• Conveying the excitement of discovering new
  mathematical structures
• Extent to which undergraduate education in
  mathematical sciences conveys a sense of what
  mathematicians do
• Balance between new discovery in mathematics and
  partnering with other disciplines
• New modes in support of mathematical discovery

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Conducting Basic Research that Provides the
Foundation for Our National Health, Prosperity,
Security
37
Where We Are

• Homeland security, combating terrorism,
  cybersecurity, information technology,
  networking, environmental sensors and monitoring,
  imaging, medical devices, nanoscale devices,
  efficient processes for manufacturing and
  delivery of materials and pharmaceuticals these
  are among the many foci of the nations health,
  prosperity, and security. MPS-supported basic
  research has the potential to speak to the needs
  of all these aspects of our national interest, as
  well as many others that affect our daily lives. 
  MPS works to see that the potential is reached by
  participating in government-wide activities such
  as the Networking and Information Technology
  Research and Development program and the National
  Nanotechnology Initiative by partnering with
  other agencies and other directorates in
  interdisciplinary activities that speak to
  national needs and by asking all participants in
  MPS programs to articulate the potential broader
  impacts of their work. Most importantly, MPS
  investments nurture a talented, diverse,
  internationally competitive and globally engaged
  workforce that will ensure sustained technical
  progress and contribute to our future quality of
  life.  MPS programs and grantees operate in an
  awareness of the outstanding questions related to
  national health, prosperity, and security, and
  contribute daily to their resolution. 

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Where We Are GoingThe Big Questions

• How do we push the present performance limits of
  engineering materials?
• How do we go beyond silicon electronics?
• Can we produce a quantum computer? 
• Can we develop a compact sustainable energy
  source for widespread application?
• Can we understand and control high-temperature
  superconductivity?
• Can we develop the fundamental understanding
  needed to move from a fossil-fuel-based economy
  to a sustainable one?

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Connections to the Broader Framework

• Primary Divisions all
• Relevant Priority Areas all
• Facilities
• To the extent facilities push the technology
  envelop, all address national interests
• Facilities support the basic research, rather
  than the national interest application
• Workforce
• MPS workforce key to enhancing security,
  prosperity, health of nation
• Need well-trained citizenry that appreciates
  benefits of science and technology
• Cyberscience/Cyberinfrastructure
• Eases connection from basic research to national
  interest
• Connections NSF-wide, federal govt, private
  sector

40
Issues

• Maintaining the balance between basic science and
  potential national interest
• Appropriate role for MPS/NSF vis a vis other
  agencies
• Identifying the most effective partnering modes
• Funding, co-funding, brokering, workshops
• Opportunities
• For students to participate in projects of
  national interest
• For technology transfer
• Exploring effective modes of funding
• Centers, groups, individual investigators

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The CORE

• The Heart of What We Do

42
WHAT IS THE CORE?

• Perspectives by Division
• Individual investigators - unsolicited proposals
  (yes, all divisions)
• Groups (mostly yes)
• Centers (mixed)
• Facilities (mixed)
• Priority areas (mixed by division and specific PA
  generally no for fenced funding)
• Size 50-95 of divisional budget
• Other definitions
• What program officers control
• Unfettered, discovery-driven research
• What pumps the whole system
• Outreach mechanisms how we grow
• What the community wants us to protect

43
WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A HEALTHY CORE?

• Intellectual ferment and creativity production
  of new results and breakthroughs
• Strong community (students through senior
  investigators), influx of new talent, diversity
• Ability and flexibility to respond to new and
  unexpected directions to encourage emerging
  areas
• Diversity balance of portfolio
• Encouragement of risk/involves judgment of staff
• To achieve the above may require new mechanisms
  or modalities

44
TYPES OF GRANTS AND SIZES NEEDED FOR A HEALTHY
CORE

• One size does NOT fit all!
• Small grants up to facilities (gt50M)
• Dependent on needs, quality, and type of project,
  e.g.,
• facility vs center vs group vs individual
• senior vs junior investigator
• superstar vs star vs regular
• theory vs experiment issue of support personnel
• sizes may be discrete or a continuum, but grant
  sizes will be highly variable
• Type and level of graduate and postdoc support
  varies
• Typical ideal award levels varied by division

45
ISSUES

• Relationship with priority areas that may
• Represent or advance what were already doing in
  the core
• Help to push us in new directions
• Change the way a community operates (more
  collaboration, more centers/facilities)
• Distort balance within the core
• Modes of support for core activities
• Role of facilities and mid-scale projects
• Partnering in interdisciplinary areas
• Balancing risk and likely pay-off

46
MPS Facilities and Related Mid-Scale Projects

• Instruments taking us to the frontiers of
  knowledge

47
EXISTING FACILITIES - Large

• LIGO (33M/yr)
• NSCL (15M/yr)
• CESR/CHESS (23.5M/yr)
• CESR (through 2008)
• CHESS
• NHMFL (25M/yr)

• NRAO (55M/yr)
• VLA
• Green Bank
• VLBI
• NOAO (41M/yr)
• Kitt Peak
• CTIO
• NSO
• NAIC (10.6M/yr)
• GEMINI (13M/yr)

48
Current MPS Facilities and Related Mid-Scale
Projects

• FACILITIES
• NRAO (55M/yr)
• VLA, Green Bank Green Bank, VLBA
• NOAO (41M/yr)
• Kitt Peak,CTIO, US Gemini, NSO
• NAIC (10.6M/yr)
• GEMINI (13M/yr)
• LIGO (33M/yr)
• NSCL (16M/yr)
• CESR/CHESS (23.5M/yr)
• NHMFL (25M/yr)

• Mid-Scale Projects Supporting Multiple
  Investigators
• (23M/year total)
• CHRNS
• SRC
• NNIN (MPS portion)
• Spectroscopy Lab
• ChemMatCars
• BIMA/OVRO/CSO/ FCRAO
• LAPD
• MiniBoone
• Milagro
• HiRes
• CDMS II

Facilities are us!
49
APPROVED OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION

• FACILITIES
• ALMA
• Start 2003 end 2011 276M construction est.
  23M Ops
• LHC
• Start 1998 end 2003 construction complete
  2008 81M construction Ops ramp to 25M
• ICECUBE
• Start 2004 end 2010 250M construction 10M
  MPS Ops
• RSVP
• Start planned for 2005 end 2010 144M
  construction 12M Ops

• Mid-Scale Projects Supporting Multiple
  Investigators
• BOREXINO
• ACT
• AUGER
• VERITAS
• SZ-ARRAY
• SPT
• LENS

50
Possible New Facilities MREFC Scale

• Advanced LIGO
• 140M 2006 eeps
• Underground Lab
• 300M 2008 eeps
• Energy Recovery Linac
• RD 40M eeps 2006
• Const. 400M eeps 2011
• X-ray-FEL
• RD 15M eeps 2006
• Const. 300M eeps 2009
• eeps estimated earliest possible
• start

• Advanced Tech. Solar Telescope (ATST)
• 160M 2006 eeps
• Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)
• RD 14M eeps 2005
• Const. 140M eeps 2008
• Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT)
• RD 40M eeps 2006
• Const 900M eeps 2012
• EVLA-II
• 120M eeps 2012
• Square Kilometer Array (SKA)
• RD 25M eeps 2006
• Const. 1B eeps 2015

51
Decision Criteria

• Scientific Excellence
• Transformational cutting Edge
• Enabling
• Large community/interdisciplinary essential
  scientific function
• Readiness
• Technological, managerial, leadership, etc.
• NSF Role
• Partners, world leadership, community taps NSF,
  preparing the next generation, Congressional
  interest

52
ISSUES

• Supporting RD to get to readiness
• Impact of facility operations research on other
  activities
• Retiring or transitioning current facilities
• Accurate assessment of life cycle costs
• Addressing mid-scale needs
• Prioritizing within divisions, across MPS, across
  NSF, and in the interagency and international
  contexts using consistent criteria and taking
  other needs into account

53
Preparing the Next Generation
54
Critical Workforce Issues for MPS

• Need to increase the number of undergraduate
  students in MPS disciplines, with special
  attention to increasing the number of US
  nationals.
• Retention along career paths, with particular
  attention to transition points
• MPS students and scientists should reflect more
  closely the demographic realities of the nation.

55
Domestic SE Workforce DiversitySurvival not
Political Correctness
UC Physics Faculty, 2000
Face of the America, 2004
The number of bright foreigners in science
engineering coming to the US is dropping (visa
problems, less welcoming atmosphere,
good opportunities elsewhere)
Chemistry Research Group
56
Proposed Workforce Goals for MPS

• Double the number of undergraduate students who
  have a research experience in MPS disciplines
• Attract talented middle and high school students
  and engage them in MPS discovery and learning
  activities, and to inspire them to pursue careers
  in MPS disciplines.
• Extend the RET activities to engage more K-12
  teachers.
• Develop and implement an integrated research
  model for MPS undergraduate education
• Bring MPS research to 2-year institutions through
  content enrichment to develop and sustain
  interest in science and mathematics among this
  diverse student population.

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Actions

• Ready for immediate action
• Enhanced undergraduate research experience
• Preliminary work needed pilot programs or
  change in current approach
• Talented middle and high school students
• Extend RET activities
• New activities need to design approaches
• Integrated research model for MPS undergraduate
  education a systems approach
• 2-year institutions

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Implementation Considerations

• Integration of efforts
• With communities and institutions MPS serves
• With types of activities MPS supports
• Broadening participation
• Extending beyond current communities and
  institutions to reach underrepresented groups
• Effective partnering
• With Education and Human Resources directorate

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Cyberscience and Cyberinfrastructure

• Developing an integrated system of hardware and
  software resources and services that, driven by
  science, enables scientists and engineers to
  explore important opportunities that would not
  otherwise be possible.

60
The MPS Approach Put Science First

• Identify scientific breakthroughs that are
  enabled (or critical science questions that could
  be answered) by dramatically raising capabilities
  in cyberinfrastructure.
• What kinds of investments in cyberinfrastructure
  are needed to achieve these opportunities (be as
  specific as possible)?
• Which of these investments are best made in MPS
  and which are best made collaboratively across
  NSF or with other agencies?
• Consult with the community through a workshop of
  experts.

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Examples of the Science

• Modeling
• Supernovae in 3 dimensions
• Space-time when 2 black holes collide
• Emergent behavior in physical and biological
  systems
• Nanoelectronic silicon devices
• Chemical reaction rates for experiments we cannot
  do in the laboratory
• Identifying patterns in large data sets
• Higgs supersymmetry

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Cyberinfrastructure consists of

• Computational engines (supercomputers, clusters,
  workstations, small processors, )
• Mass storage (disk drives, tapes, )
• Networking (including wireless, distributed,
  ubiquitous)
• Digital libraries/data bases
• Sensors/effectors
• Software (operating systems, middleware, domain
  specific tools/platforms for building
  applications, visualization)
• Services (education, training, consulting, user
  assistance)
• All working together in an integrated fashion.

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Integrated CI System meeting
the needs of a community of communities

• Applications
• Virtual Observatory
• High Energy Physics
• Protein databanks

DevelopmentTools Libraries
Education and Training
Discovery Innovation
Grid Services Middleware
Hardware
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Issues

• Keeping science first when paying for
  infrastructure
• Integrating cyberscience and cyberinfrastructure
  with core activities
• Embracing cyberscience and associated expenses in
  research programs
• Providing appropriate cyberinfrastructure for
  facilities
• Connecting communities
• Preparing the next generation
• Partnering
• Within NSF
• Across federal government
• Internationally

65
Challenges Future Work
66
The Science Themes

• Within each theme
• What are our current investments?
• What are the priorities for new investment?
• What is the plan of action?
• Across themes
• What are potential synergies across themes?
• What is the context for integrating cross-cutting
  ideas?
• What is the collective plan of action?
• MPS-wide and by division
• In the context of NSF activities
• Under various fiscal scenarios

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Developing the FY06 Budget( Beyond)

• Workforce/Diversity Goal and Plan to achieve it
• Nurturing the Core
• Connecting to NSF-wide priorities
• Next Start
• AdvLIGO (at the NSB), ATST (almost ready) ????
• Which Projects Should Receive DD Money
• UG Lab?
• GSMT?
• LSST?
• ERL?
• Mid-scale projects
• Cyber
• What should OSCI be investing in for us?
• What should domain-CI should we be investing?
• What CyberScience should we be investing in?

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Implementing through the Budget

• Scenario planning
• Fiscal scenarios tied to current environment
• Describing reasonable alternatives
• Mechanisms to support new directions
• New funding
• Reorientation within existing funds
• Combination approaches

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EXISTING FACILITIES - Large

• LIGO (33M/yr)
• NSCL (15M/yr)
• CESR/CHESS (23.5M/yr)
• CESR (through 2008)
• CHESS
• NHMFL (25M/yr)

• NRAO (55M/yr)
• VLA
• Green Bank
• VLBI
• NOAO (41M/yr)
• Kitt Peak
• CTIO
• NSO
• NAIC (10.6M/yr)
• GEMINI (13M/yr)