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Multimedia Technology

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Uses ATAPI standard. Installation Guidelines ... ATAPI hardware and software drivers are generic. Device driver must be in CONFIG.SYS ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Multimedia Technology


1
Chapter 10
  • Multimedia Technology

2
You Will Learn
  • About the fundamental workings of multimedia
    technology
  • About many multimedia standards and how they have
    helped shape the industry
  • CD-ROM storage technology
  • How to install CD-ROM drives

3
Multimedia Technology
  • A type of computer presentation that combines
    text, graphics, animation, photos, sound, and/or
    full-motion video
  • Goal
  • To create or reproduce lifelike representations
    for audio, video, and animation

4
Multimedia Technology
  • Key to bridging the world of digital computers
    and the infinite number of variations of sights
    and sounds is two-fold
  • Reduce the infinite number of variations to a
    finite few
  • Record as many as needed to reproduce an
    approximation of the original sight or sound,
    without overloading the capacity of the computer
    to hold data

5
Bits Are Still Bits
  • Uniform quality of multimedia devices
  • Represent data as a series of 0s and 1s
  • Transfer data over same bus to CPU
  • May require an IRQ, a DMA channel, an I/O
    address, and room in memory for its BIOS or
    drivers

6
Special Challenge Confronting Multimedia
Technology
  • To reproduce something that is continuously
    changing (analog) on a PC, which is incapable of
    making continuous changes because it is digital
    (has only two states can only change from one
    state to another, with no gradations in between)

7
Multimedia Fundamentals
  • Sampling part of the process of converting
    sound or video from analog to digital format

8
Multimedia Fundamentals
9
What CPU Technologies Do for Multimedia
  • MMX (Intel)
  • Used by Pentium MMX, Pentium Pro, Pentium II
  • Architectural enhancements
  • New instructions
  • SIMD process
  • Increased cache
  • SSE (Intel)
  • Used by Pentium III
  • Improves performance of high-end multimedia
    software

continued
10
What CPU Technologies Do for Multimedia
  • 3DNow! (AMD)
  • A CPU instruction set that helps AMD processors
    perform better in 3D graphics and other
    multimedia data processing

11
Devices Supporting Multimedia
  • CD-ROM drives
  • Sound cards
  • Digital cameras
  • Video capture cards
  • Digital Video Disc (DVD) drives

12
CD-ROMs
  • Use optical technology to represent bits
  • Laser shines on surface
  • Amount of reflections indicates 1 or 0
  • Capacity
  • Standard 650 MB (74 min audio)
  • Enhanced 700 MB (80 min audio)

13
CD-ROM Drives
  • Accommodate large space requirements of video and
    sound files
  • Read-only devices data is embedded in disc
    surface (lands and pits)
  • Constant linear velocity (CLV) and constant
    angular velocity (CAV)
  • Multisession capability

14
CD-ROM Drives
15
Pits and Lands
  • Bits represented by pits and lands
  • Land is flat area representing a 1 bit
  • Pit is depresessed area representing a 0 bit
  • Pits and lands on recordable CDs represented by
    changing surface reflection

16
How a CD-ROM Drive Can Interface with the System
Board
  • Use an IDE interface
  • Use a SCSI interface with a SCSI host adapter
  • Use a proprietary expansion card that works only
    with CD-ROMs
  • Use a proprietary connection on a sound card
  • Be a portable drive and plug into bidirectional
    parallel port on PC

17
Installing a CD-ROM Drive
18
Configuring an IDE CD-ROM Drive
  • Uses ATAPI standard

19
Installation Guidelines
  • Once installed, the CD-ROM drive becomes just
    another drive on your system with these
    exceptions
  • It is read-only
  • It holds more data than a hard drive
  • It is a little slower to access than a hard drive

20
Install the Device Driver for Windows 9x
21
Enabling CD-ROM Drives in DOS
  • ATAPI hardware and software drivers are generic
  • Device driver must be in CONFIG.SYS
  • Standard software driver MSCDEX.EXE must be
    loaded in AUTOEXEC.BAT

22
MSCDEX.EXE
  • Standard DOS CD-ROM driver
  • C\WINDOWS\COMMAND\MSCDEX.EXE /Dxxx /Lz
  • where
  • xxx matches device name in hardware driver
    (required)
  • z drive letter assignment (optional)
  • Without /Lz, DOS assigns next available drive
    letter

23
Optimizing CD-ROM Cache
24
Caring for CD-ROM Drives and Discs
  • Causes of most problems with CD-ROMs
  • Dust
  • Fingerprints
  • Scratches
  • Defects on surface of CD
  • Random electrical noise

25
CD-ROM Drive and Disc Precautions
  • Do
  • Hold the CD by the edge
  • Clean with a soft, dry cloth
  • Do not
  • Write on, or paste paper to, the surface of the
    CD
  • Subject the CD to heat
  • Use cleaners, alcohol, and the like on the CD
  • Make the center hole larger
  • Bend, drop, or subject the CD to shock
  • If a CD gets stuck in the drive, use the
    emergency eject hole to remove it

26
CD-R and CD-RW Drives
  • CD-recordable (CD-R)
  • A CD drive that can record or write data to a CD
  • Data cannot be erased once it is written
  • May or may not be multisession
  • Rewritable CD (CD-RW)
  • A CD drive that can record or write data to a CD
  • Data can be erased and overwritten
  • May or may not be multisession

27
Troubleshooting Problems with CD-ROM Installation
  • Error message Invalid Drive Specification
    appears while system is starting up
  • Install process is terminated with message
    MSCDEX.EXE Not Found
  • Error message Not Enough Drive Letters appears
    during startup process
  • Conflict errors exist
  • Computer does not recognize CD-ROM drive
  • There is no sound

28
Sound Cards
  • Expansion cards that record sound, save it to a
    file on the hard drive, and play it back
  • Have ports for external stereo speakers and
    microphone input
  • May be Sound Blaster compatible

29
Stages Sound Goes Through when Computerized
  • Digitize or input the sound (analog-to-digital
    conversion)
  • Store the digital data in a compressed data file
  • Reproduce or synthesize the sound
    (digital-to-analog conversion)

30
Sampling and Digitizing the Sound
  • Done by a method called pulse code modulation
    (PCM)
  • Involves a component called analog-to-digital
    converter (A/C or ADC) and a component called a
    digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
  • Sample size
  • Refers to samples taken when converting a signal
    from analog to digital
  • A measure of the amount of storage allocated to a
    single measurement of a single sample

31
Two Ways of Storing Sound in Files
  • MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) files
  • Dictate a specific number of sound samples and
    quality
  • Have a .mid extension
  • Use data compression due to size of files
  • Used to store most game music
  • WAV files
  • Have a .wav extension
  • Used to store most multimedia sound

32
Compressing Data
33
MPEG Data Compression Standard
  • Stores full motion video and sound
  • Tracks movement from one frame to the next and
    only stores what changes, rather than compressing
    individual frames
  • A type of lossy compression (refers to
    compressing the data by eliminating some of it)

34
Current MPEG Standards
  • MPEG-1
  • Used in business and home applications to
    compress images
  • MPEG-2
  • Used to compress video films
  • MPEG-3
  • Best known for audio compression
  • MPEG-4
  • Used for video transmissions over the Internet

35
Methods of Digital-to-Analog Conversion
  • FM (frequency modulation) synthesis
  • Creates a sound by artificially creating a wave
    similar to the sound wave produced by the
    instrument
  • Sound is reproduced by making a mathematical
    approximation of the musical sound wave
  • Wavetable synthesis
  • Produces the sound by using a sample recording of
    the real instrument
  • Produces better sound that does FM synthesis, but
    is also more expensive

36
Installing a Sound Card and Software
37
Steps in Installing a Sound Card
  • Install the card itself in an empty PCI slot on
    the system board
  • Install the driver under Windows 98
  • Install the applications stored on the sound
    cards CD

38
Installing a Sound Card
39
Installing a Sound Card Driver
40
Using Sound with Windows 9x
  • Windows 9x offers some support for sound
  • Playing a music CD or a WAV file
  • Providing sound when performing certain Windows
    functions

41
Using Sound with Windows 9x
42
Using Sound with Windows 9x
43
Using Sound with Windows 9x
44
Using Sound with Windows 9x
45
Using Sound with Windows 9x
46
Using Sound with Windows 9x
47
Recording Sound Using Windows 9x
48
Controlling Windows 9x Sounds
49
Digital Cameras
  • Faster than scanner technology
  • Scan field of image set by picture taker
  • Translate light signals into digital values,
    which can be stored as a file and viewed with
    software that can interpret the stored values
  • Picture files are usually stored in JPEG (Joint
    Photographic Experts Group) format

50
Digital Cameras
51
Kinds of Image Sensing Technology
  • Infrared sensor
  • Charge-coupled device (CCD)

52
MP3 Player
  • MP3
  • A method to compress audio files that uses MPEG
    level 3
  • Can reduce sound files as low as a 124 ratio
    without losing sound quality
  • Streaming audio
  • Downloading audio data from the Internet in a
    continuous stream of data without first
    downloading an entire audio file

53
Video-capturing Card
  • Captures input from a camcorder or directly from
    TV
  • Features to look for
  • An IEEE 1394 port to interface with a digital
    camcorder
  • Data transfer rates which affect price of the
    card
  • Capture resolution and color-depth capabilities
  • Ability to transfer data back to the digital
    camcorder or VCR
  • Stereo audio jacks
  • Video editing software bundled with the card

54
Digital Video Disc (DVD)
  • Faster, larger, CD-ROM format
  • Can read older CDs
  • Can store over 8 gigabytes of data can hold
    full-length motion picture videos
  • Uses MPEG-2 video compression and requires an
    MPEG-2 controller card to decode the compressed
    data

55
A DVD Device
56
How a PC Can Use DVD Data
57
Other DVD Devices
58
Chapter Summary
  • Multimedia devices, what they can do, how they
    work, and how to support them
  • Requirements of multimedia technology
  • Large amounts of storage capacity
  • Ability to process large quantities of data at
    high speed and at lowest possible cost

59
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