Title: Multimedia Devices
1Multimedia Devices
2Chapter Objectives
- After completing this chapter you will
- Understand various CD and DVD technologies.
- Understand the meaning of a CD or DVDs X factor.
- Understand how a CD drive works.
- Know the different interfaces used with CD and
DVD drives and be able to configure the drive. - Understand the basic operation of a sound card.
- Understand the software associated with CD and
DVD drive installation. - Be able to install a sound card.
- Be able to use various operating system tools to
verify drive and sound card installation.
3Chapter Objectives (cont.)
- After completing this chapter you will
- Troubleshoot CD drive, DVD drive, and sound card
problems. - Understand the basics of how a scanner works and
be able to install a USB or parallel port
scanner. - Understand basic digital camera concepts.
4Multimedia Overview
- The term multimedia has different meanings to
different people because there are so many
different types of multimedia devices. This
chapter focuses on the most popular areas and you
will find that other devices are similar to
install and troubleshoot. - Multimedia devices
- CD and DVD technologies
- Sound cards
- Speakers
5CD-ROM Drive Overview
- CD-ROM terms
- CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) Drive is a
device that holds CDs and is used for audio and
data files. - CD (Compact Disk) is a disk that holds large
amounts of data (628MB and higher), such as
audio, video, and software applications. - A list of common controls can be found on 10-4.
6CD-ROM Drive Speeds
- CD-ROM drives operate much slower than hard
drives. - CD-ROM drive specifications
- Average Seek Time is the time required for a
drive to move randomly about the disk. - Average Access Time is the time required to find
and retrieve data on a disk or in memory.
7CD-ROM Drive Speeds
CD-ROM Transfer Speeds
Multimedia Table 1
8CD-ROM Drive Speeds
CD-ROM Access Times
Multimedia Table 2
9CD-ROM Drive Buffers/Cache
- Ways to increase CD-ROM data transfers
- Buffer memory located on the CD-ROM drive
- Adjust the CD-ROM cache
10Theory of CD-ROM Drive Operation
- Data is stored on a CD with pits and flats.
- Pits are indentations along the track of a CD.
- Flats are lands that separate the pits in a CD.
11Theory of CD-ROM Drive Operation
Inside a CD-ROM Drive
Multimedia Figure 2
12Internal and External CD-ROM Drives
- Types of CD-ROM drives
- Internal CD-ROM drives using either IDE or SCSI
interface - External CD-ROM drives using the SCSI interface
13CD-ROM Disk Loading
- Methods for inserting a compact disk into a
CD-ROM drive - Tray Loaded is a method to insert a CD or DVD
into a drive. They are less expensive but more
likely to have lower MTBFs. - MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) is the average
number of hours before a device fails. - Caddy Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD
inserts into a CD drive using a special holder. - Caddy is a holder for a compact disk that inserts
into the CD drive. - Slot Loaded is a term used to describe how a CD
loads into a slot in the CD drive. This has the
disadvantage of disk jams.
14CD-ROM Disk Loading
CD-ROM Drive with Tray and CD-ROM Caddy
Multimedia Figure 3
15CD-R and CD-RW
- CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) is a CD drive that
can create a compact disk by writing once to the
disk. - UDF (Universal Disk Format) is a CD-R drive
standard used by some manufacturers. - DDCD (Double Density CD) is a CD disk format that
extends to 1.3GB. Drives that use this
specification can also read regular CDs, CD-R
disks, and CD-RW disks. - WORM (Write Once-Read Many) is a technology that
writes data once to a disk. It is often used to
make backups or distribute software.
16CD-R and CD-RW
- CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable) or CD-E is a CD
drive that can write data multiple times to a
particular disk. - PD (Phase-Change Dual) is a laser technology used
to make CD-E and CD-RW disks. - Dye-Polymer is a technology for making CD-E or
CD-RW disks by laser-heating the disk surface to
produce light reflecting bumps. - MultiRead or MultiRead2 is an OSTA specification
that states the CD-RW drive is backward
compatible with CD-ROM and CD-R disks.
17CD Standards
CD Standards
Multimedia Table 3
18Magneto-Optical Drives
- MO (Magneto-Optical) Drive is a type of drive
that uses a special technology for reading and
writing multiple times to a compact disk. After
the disk is heated by the laser to produce a
bump, a magnet applies a charge to the surface.
19DVD-ROM
- DVD-ROM is a technology that produces disks with
superior audio and video performance and
increased storage capacity. - In DVD drives, the MPEG-2 video must be
converted, and the decoder is the way to convert
the data. - DirectX is a Microsoft DVD technology that
integrates multimedia drivers, application code,
and 3-D support for audio and video. - Region Code is a setting on a DVD drive or disk
that specifies a geographic region.
20DVD-ROM
DVD Region Codes
Multimedia Table 5
21Decoders
- Decoders are used to decompress the video and
audio from a DVD. - Hardware Decoder requires a PCI adapter and
handles the decoding. - Software Decoder is a type of DVD decoder that
puts the burden on the CPU to decode and
uncompress the MPEG-2 video data from the DVD.
22Other DVD Technologies
- Types of DVD Technologies
- DVD-RAM uses a phase technology like CD-RW and
allows data to be rewritten on a DVD-RAM disk. - DVD-R uses WORM technology to use one or two
sides of the disk. - DVD-RW (DVD-ReWritable) uses 4.7GB disks that can
be erased and rewritten to the disk. - DVDRW (DVD Read and Write) is a drive that can
be read from, written to, and holds 3GB.
23DVD Standards
DVD Specifications
Multimedia Table 5
24CD/DVD Drive Interfaces and Connections
- Types of CD and DVD Drive Interfaces
- IDE most common
- SCSI
- USB
- FireWire
- Proprietary
25Installing a DVD Drive and Hardware Decoder
Adapter
- To install a DVD drive and hardware decoder
adapter, always follow the manufacturers
instructions. - General guidelines are given for this
installation procedure on page 10-22.
26Drive Upgrades
- Questions to analyze a CD-ROM Drive Upgrade
- Are speakers or sound wanted?
- What microprocessor is installed in the computer?
- Is a slot available in the computer for a sound
card? - Will video-intensive CDs be used?
- Does the computer have enough RAM?
- Does the computer have a sound system that
accepts digital audio input and support Dolby
Digital Surround Sound?
27Preventive Maintenance for CD and DVD Drives
- If the laser lens gets dust, dirt, or moisture on
it, the drive may report data or read errors. - Laser Lens or Objective Lens is a special
component of the CD-ROM drive that is responsible
for reading information from the CD disk.
28New Technologies
- FML/C (Flourescent MultiLayer Disk/Card) is a new
CD/DVD-type technology that uses a fluorescent
dye embedded in pits and grooves on each layer of
the disk or card.
29CD and DVD Drive Installation
- CD and DVD Drive Installation Steps
- Install any necessary mounting brackets on the
drive. - Set the appropriate master/slave, SCSI ID, or
termination for the drive interface. - Set any interrupt, I/O address, or DMA channel.
- Attach the appropriate cables to the drive.
30CD and DVD Driver Installation
- Device Driver is a small piece of software that
stays in RAM to allow communication with a piece
of hardware. - MSCDEX.EXE is a program provided with DOS and
Windows 3.x that assigns a drive letter to the
CD-ROM drive. - Device Name is an eight-character name unique for
each CD-ROM drive.
31The MSCDEX.EXE Program
- MSCDEX.EXE is a program provided with DOS and
Windows 3.x that assigns a drive letter to the
CD-ROM drive. It is included as a line in the
AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
32The MSCDEX.EXE Program
MSCDEX.EXE Switches
Multimedia Table 6
33Troubleshooting the MSCDEX.EXE Installation
- Troubleshooting the MSCDEX.EXE Installation
- Verify the CD-ROM device driver in the CONFIG.SYS
file loads correctly. - Verify the correct device name is used with the
MSCDEX.EXE command - Verify the number of drive letters available.
34CD/DVD Drives (Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP)
- CDFS (CD-ROM File System) is the Windows
9x/NT/2000/XP 32-bit protected mode CD drive file
system driver. - Steps to disable the CD Autorun feature are given
on page 10-30.
35Troubleshooting CD/DVD Drive Problems
- Troubleshooting CD/DVD Drive Problems
- Always use the latest drivers.
- Correct any interrupt, DMA channel, and I/O
address conflicts. - Verify that the CD or DVD is installed in the
drive. - Check power connections, cabling, and
configuration settings. - Additional troubleshooting tips can be found on
page 10-31.
36Sound Cards
- Sound Card Features
- MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is
used to create synthesized music and found on a
sound card. - MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3) is a sound format that
compresses an audio file and has the extension of
MP3. - AAC (Advanced Audio Compression) is a sound file
format that provides file compression.
37Sound Cards
CD Drive with Sound Card
Multimedia Figure 6
38Sound Cards
Sound Blaster Live Platinum 5.1 Sound Card Ports
Multimedia Figure 7
39Sound Cards
PC Design Symbols
Multimedia Figure 8
40Sound Card Theory of Operation
- The sound card must take the analog signal and
convert it to a digital format to send the sound
into the computer. To convert an analog waveform
to 1s and 0s, samples of data are taken. - Frequency Response is the number of samples taken
by a sound card. - It is recommended to purchase a PCI sound card
that uses a minimum of 16 bits for sampling.
41Sound Card Theory of Operation
Sound Wave
Multimedia Figure 9
42Sound Card Theory of Operation
8-Bit Sampling
Multimedia Figure 10
43Sound Card Theory of Operation
16-Bit Sampling
Multimedia Figure 11
44Installing Sound Cards
- The steps to installing a sound card are similar
to any other adapter. The onboard sound must be
disabled before installing a new sound adapter.
45Sound Cards Using Windows 9X/NT/2000/XP
- Audio Drivers
- WDM (Windows Driver Model) is a kernel mode
process that handles audio management such as
multiple streams of real-time audio. - DS3D (DirectSound3D) is a Microsoft development
included in DirectX3 that adds more 3D audio
effect commands. - A3D is an audio standard developed by Aureal
Semiconductor that supports hardware acceleration
and allows simulation of sounds in certain
environments such as a tunnel or under water. - EAX (Environmental Audio Extensions) is Creative
Labs development that allows software and game
developers to create a realistic audio
environment such as muffling effects and audio
directional effects.
46Sound Cards Using Windows 9X/NT/2000/XP
NTs Multimedia Control Panel Tabs
Multimedia Table 9
47Sound Cards Using Windows 9X/NT/2000/XP
2000s Sounds and Multimedia Control Panel Tabs
Multimedia Table 10
48Speakers
- Speaker Features
- Power Rating is how loud the volume can go
without distorting the sound and is expressed in
watts-per-channel. - Frequency Response Range is the range of sounds a
speaker can reproduce. - Shielding cancels out and keeps magnetic
interference from devices. - Listen to speakers with an audio CD and without
headphones to hear the quality of the speakers.
49Speakers
- The following is a list of extras for speakers
- An external volume control
- Headphone jacks
- Headphone and microphone pass-through connectors
- AC adapter
- Proper connectors to connect speakers to the
sound card - If the sound card is capable of 3D sound, a four
or six speaker system is an enhancement.
50Troubleshooting Sound Problems
- Troubleshooting Sound Problems
- Verify that the sound card is secured in a PCI or
ISA slot and no cuts are present in the speaker
wires. - Verify installation of the correct sound drivers.
- Verify that there are not any resource conflicts.
- Check the speakers connection to the back of the
computer. - An enhanced list can be found on 10-45.
51Troubleshooting Sound Problems (MS-DOS Mode)
- Troubleshooting Sound Problems for DOS
applications or DOS games - Verify the audio CD is inserted in the CD-ROM
drive. - Play the audio CD from the DOS CD-ROM control
panel. - Check the connection of the speaker cables.
- Verify that there are not any resource
conflicts. - Verify installation of the correct sound drivers.
- Check the speakers connection to the back of the
computer. - Locate the speakers away from the monitor.
- Always refer to the documentation of the sound
card or CD drive manufacturer.
52Scanners
- A Scanner is an input device that allows
documents including text and pictures to be
brought into the computer and displayed, printed,
etc. - The most common types of scanners
- Flatbed
- Sheetfed
- Handheld
- Film
- Scanners attach to the computer using one of
three methods - Parallel
- USB
- SCSI
53Scanners
- How a scanner operates can be found on page
10-50. - The most common scanner file formats
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is good
for web pictures and master copies - GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) is limited to
256 colors and good for web pictures - TIFF (Tag Image File Format) is good for master
copies - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is the newest
type and supports 24 and 48-bit color. - Scanner Terms
- Resolution is measured in dots per inch and
determined by the number of sensors in the CCD
array - Bit depth is the number of bits used for color.
The more bits, the more colors and color depth - Interpolation is software used by the scanner to
achieve a greater resolution - OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is software
that processes printed or written text characters - TWAIN is a driver used that allows applications
to access and acquire images directly from the
scanner.
54Digital Cameras
- Digital camera stores photographs in digital
form. - Digital cameras connect to the computer with
several different interfaces - Serial
- Parallel
- USB
- SCSI
- FireWire
- The most common types of Digital Camera
Batteries - AA
- NiCad
- NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride)
- Li-Ion (Lithium Ion)
55Digital Cameras
- The most common types of Digital Camera Data
Storage - CF (Compact Flash)
- SmartMedia
- Memory Stick
- Secure Digital
- PC Card drives