RFID

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RFID

• Prepared by
• Rui Wang
• Ram Katepally

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Any Guesses??
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Agenda

• Introduction and Background
• Physical Components
• Data Transactions
• Data Management
• Applications
• Conclusion

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What is RFID?
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IBM Commercial for RFID Supply Chain
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RFID

• Its first use is in World War II.
• Global RFID Market spent 2.7 billion in 2006,
  and is projecting 26.2 Billion By 2016.
• More and more companies are looking forward to
  deploying RFID.

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Physical Components

• RFID Tag(a.k.a Transponder)

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Physical Components

• RFID Reader(a.ka Interrogator)

Microprocessor Circuit board Antenna
Handheld Reader
PlugNPlay Readers
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How do they work together?
Passive Mode
Reader(Transceiver Antenna)
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Tag (Transponder)
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• Active Mode
• Built-in Battery makes tags broadcasting,
  reader becomes the listener
• Semi-active Mode
• passive mode with battery assisting

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RF Electromagnetic spectrum
Works better on metal and water products
Longer reading range, and faster reading speed
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RFID Standards
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RFID data Architecture
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Elements of an RFID System
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Ubiquitous RFID data Readers
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RFID Data

• Data generated from an RFID application is seen
  as a stream of RFID tuples of the form EPC,
  location, time.
• large amount of data redundancy
• Compressing multiple items that stay together at
  a single location is vital in order to reduce the
  enormous size of the cleansed RFID database.

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RFID Data Analysis

• The essence of RFID is automated data collection
• Databases are thus a critical part of most RFID
  systems

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RFID data management Challenges

• How to interpret the enormous volume of data that
  an RFID application generates?
• Walmart generates around 7 terabytes of data
  every day.
• Database vendors like Oracle, IBM and Teradata
  provide solutions to integrate RFID information
  into enterprise data warehouses.

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RFID Back-End Database

• The RFID system has several RFID readers at the
  front-end, and a database at the back-end
• Real-life RFID deployments employ a wide variety
  of physically distributed RFID readers, access
  gateways, management interfaces, and databases.

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RFID Back-End Database(cntd..)
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Data Architecture(cntd..)

• Node servers
• Reside inside the reader hardware and check
  if tags are registered.
• Cluster Server
• - Routes tag reads from node servers to
  interface servers for applications.
• - Also periodically checks with node servers
  to make sure they are still running.

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Data Architecture(cntd..)

• Interface Server
• - Based on the raw data from cluster server,
  Interface server computes higher level events.
• - Maintain connection with applications
• - Also respond to event Queries by applications
• Application Server
• - Runs the application logic and UI.

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Smart Card Commercial
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Case Study - RFID Credit Cards

• RFID chip or contactless smart card chip
• require only physical proximity of credit card
  and the reader
• Use a small radio transponder that is energized
  and interrogated by a reader
• According to Visa "This has been the
  fastest acceptance of new payment technology in
  the history of the industry"

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• RFID card readers capture the information such
  as
• Cardholder Name
• Complete credit card number
• Credit card expiration date
• Credit card type
• Information about software version and supported
  communications protocols

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Security Threats of RFID Smart Cards

• Skimming Attack
• - No cryptography or passwords were required to
  obtain this data
• Eavesdropping Attack
• Captures a copy of transmission between a
  legitimate credit card
  reader and an RFID credit card.

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Security of Tags and Readers
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Conclusion

• Pros
• No line of sight required
• Enable automated process
• Read multiple tags
• Increase accuracy
• Cons
• Costly

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Questions?