Global Efforts for Sustainable Development

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Global Efforts for Sustainable Development

• Corazon C. Bernido
• Philippine Nuclear Research Institute

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Sustainable Development is development that
meets the needs of the present without
compro-mising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.
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References

• Report of the World Summit on Sustainable
  Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26
  August-4 September 2002
• (United Nations, New York, 2002)
• The Road from Johannesburg (What Was Achieved
  and The Way Forward)
• (United Nations)

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Historical Background

• UN Conference on Environment and Development, or
  the 1992 Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro
  unanimously adopted Agenda 21, a blueprint for
  sustainable development.
• Millennium Development Goals UN General
  Assembly resolution 55/2, outlined 8 targets
  aimed at reducing poverty and promoting
  sustainable development.
• World Summit on Sustainable Development
  reaffirmed the commitment to Agenda 21 and
  Millennium Development Goals

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Pillars of Sustainable Development

• Economic Development poverty eradication
• Social Development active participation of
  women education good governance
• Environmental Protection prevent environmental
  degradation and patterns of unsustainable
  development
• At the local, national, regional, and global
  levels

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Economic Development

• Poverty eradication
• Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the worlds
  people with income less than 1/day
• Basic health services for all, reduce health
  threats
• Increase food availability
• Combat desertification, mitigate effects of
  drought and floods
• Provision of clean drinking water
• Enhance industrial productivity

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Changing Unsustainable Patterns of Consumption
and Production

• Cleaner production technologies
• Developing cleaner, more efficient energy
  technologies
• Maintain urban air quality and health, and reduce
  greenhouse gas emissions
• Sound management of chemicals throughout their
  life cycle, and of hazardous wastes

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Protecting the Natural Resource Base of Economic
Social Development

• Prevent water pollution to reduce health hazards
  and protect ecosystems
• Watershed and groundwater management
• Support desalination of seawater, water recycling
• Ensure the sustainable development of oceans,
  marine environmental protection

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Action Agenda Focus on Five Key Thematic Areas
(WEHAB)

• Priority areas for action, identified by UN
  Secretary-General Kofi Annan
• Water and sanitation
• Energy
• Health
• Agriculture
• Biodiversity protection and ecosystem management

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Water and Sanitation

• Water is not only the most basic of needs but is
  also at the center of sustainable development.
• Around 1.2 billion people still have no access to
  clean drinking water
• Around 2.4 billion people do not have adequate
  sanitation.

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Water and Sanitation

• Some key issues
• Prevent water pollution to reduce health hazards
• Protect ecosystems
• Introduce technologies for affordable sanitation,
  industrial and domestic wastewater treatment
• River basin, watershed and groundwater management
• Support desalination of seawater, water recycling
• Marine environmental protection - oceans, seas,
  islands and coastal areas are essential
  components of the Earths ecosystem

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Contributions of Nuclear Technology to Managing
Water Resources

• IAEA-supported projects worldwide using nuclear
  techniques
• Isotope techniques for water resources
  development and management
• Automatic tracer flow gauging stations in
  ephemeral rivers
• Investigating dam and reservoir leakages and
  safety
• Electron beam purification of wastewater

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Contributions of Nuclear Technology to Managing
Water Resources

• Nuclear power plants are used for saltwater
  desalination

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Contributions of Nuclear Technology to Managing
Water Resources

• RCA Projects
• Isotope Techniques for Groundwater Contamination
  Studies in the Urbanized and Industrial Areas
• Investigating Environmental and Water Resources
  in Geothermal Areas
• Use of Isotopes in Dam Safety and Dam
  Sustainability

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Energy

• Some 2 billion people lack access to electricity
  and rely on traditional fuel sources such as
  firewood, kerosene, or biomass for their cooking
  and heating.

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Energy

• Some key issues
• Focus on access to energy in rural areas
• Energy conservation and energy efficiency
  building design management, better mass
  transportation, advanced and innovative cleaner
  technologies
• Promotion of renewable energy
• Action on climate change ratification by
  countries of the Kyoto Protocol

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Energy Contributions of NuclearTechnology

• Nuclear Power reduces emission of greenhouse
  gases
• Some IAEA-supported projects worldwide
• Comparative studies on natural gas and nuclear
  power
• Uranium resources development
• Operational and safety issues of nuclear power
  plants
• Nuclear power plants for saltwater desalination

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Energy Contributions of NuclearTechnology

• Electron beam purification of flue gases
• Isotopic techniques to study climate change and
  predict future global changes resulting from
  greenhouse gases
• Rational exploitation of geothermal sources
• Isotope hydrology and geochemistry in geothermal
  fields
• Quality control and inspection of pipelines by NDT

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Energy Contributions of NuclearTechnology

• RCA Projects
• Process Diagnostics and Optimization in
  Petrochemical Industry
• Role of Nuclear Power and other Energy Options in
  Competitive Electricity Market

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Health

• Good health is vital for eradicating poverty and
  achieving sustainable development.
• Some key issues
• Reduce mortality rates in 2015 by 66.7 for
  children infants under 5 by 75 for maternal
  mortality rates
• Control eradicate communicable diseases, reduce
  HIV prevalence, combat malaria, tuberculosis
• Ensure that chemicals are not used and produced
  in ways that harm human health
• Reduce air pollution
• Improve developing countries access to
  environmentally sound alternatives to ozone
  depleting chemicals

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Health Contributions of NuclearTechniques

• Some IAEA-supported projects worldwide
• Use of radioisotopes in the diagnosis, treatment
  and prevention of diseases
• Upgrading of radiotherapy services
• Production of Tc-99m Gel Generators for Nuclear
  Medicine
• Early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer
• Screening of newborns for neonatal hypothyroidism
• Nuclear medical techniques in preventive
  nephrology

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Health Contributions of NuclearTechniques

• Isotopes for control of human communicable
  diseases (SIT for Tsetse eradication control of
  malaria)
• Molecular biology techniques using radionuclide
  methods (e.g. Polymerase chain reaction or PCR)
  for diagnosis of infectious diseases such as
  hepatitis B C, tuberculosis
• Rapid diagnosis of dengue fever infection
• Early detection of congenital diseases in children

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Health Contributions of NuclearTechniques

• Applications of radiation technology
• Radiation sterilization of health care products
• Cyclotron for short lived medical radioisotopes
• Radiation sterilization of human tissue grafts
  for transplantation (bone, skin other tissues)
• Nutrition
• Nuclear techniques to address problems of
  malnutrition such as micro-nutrient deficiencies,
  energy expenditure, nutrient absorption
  utilization

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Health Nuclear Techniques

• RCA Projects
• Strengthening Medical Physics in Asia and the
  Pacific region
• Brachytherapy in Treating Cervical Cancer
• Distance-assisted Training (DAT) in Radiation
  Oncology
• Distance-assisted Training (DAT) for Nuclear
  Medicine Technicians
• Management of Liver Cancer using Transarterial
  Radioconjugate Therapy
• Treatment with Unsealed Radioactive Source
  Radiosynovectomy
• Osteoporosis and Serum Turn Over by RIA and DEXA
• Improved Information of Urban Air Quality Mgt.

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Agriculture

• Agriculture is central to sustainable
  development. About 70 of the poor in developing
  countries live in rural areas and depend in one
  way or another on agriculture for their
  survival.
• Some key issues
• Address serious soil fertility problems
• Diversification of crops
• Increase water-use productivity
• Apply RD to increase productivity in crops and
  livestock

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Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture

• Mutation breeding to produce new varieties in
  different crops and ornamental plants

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Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture

• Crop productivity
• Control of insect pests by Sterile Insect
  Technique (SIT)
• Biofertilizers to increase crop production
• Optimization of water and fertilizer use for
  crops
• Saline groundwater and wastelands for crop
  production

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Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture

• Increasing food security
• Food irradiation for food preservation
• Livestock development
• Sustainable animal production
• Improving productivity of goats
• Feed supplementation for increasing livestock
  production
• Improving cattle fertility and disease diagnosis
• Eradicating rinderpest, screwworm

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Agriculture Nuclear Techniques

• RCA Projects
• Restoration of Soil Fertility and Sustenance of
  Agriculture Productivity
• Production of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
  Antigen and Antibody ELISA Reagent Kit
• Enhancement of Genetic Diversity in Food, Pulses
  and Oil Crops Establishment of Mutant Germplasm
  Network
• Better Management of Feeding and Reproduction of
  Cattle
• Application of Food Irradiation for Food
  Security, Safety and Trade

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Biodiversity Ecosystem Management

• Biodiversity and the ecosystems they support are
  the living basis of sustainable development.

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Biodiversity Ecosystem Management

• Some key issues
• Significantly reduce the rate of biodiversity
  loss by 2010
• Reverse the trend in natural resource degradation
• Restore fisheries to their maximum sustainable
  yields
• Protection of the marine environment from land
  based sources of pollution

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Biodiversity Contributions of Nuclear Techniques

• Nuclear techniques are used
• To trace the fate of pollutants, and study
  sedimentation rates in pollution studies
• To identify pathways of pesticides
  agrochemicals in the environment
• RCA Projects
• Enhancing the Marine Coastal Environment
• Applications of nuclear and modeling techniques
  to sustainable development in the coastal zone
• Investigating Environmental and Water Resources
  in Geothermal Areas

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THANK YOU!