Use of standard definitions and classifications

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United Nations Statistical Institute for Asia and
the Pacific (SIAP) Asian Development Bank
(ADB) Country Training Workshops on MDGs and Use
of Administrative Data Systems for Statistical
Purposes RETA6356 Improving Administrative Data
Sources for the Monitoring of MDGIs

• Use of standard definitions and classifications

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Classification/sectorization

• Classification and sectorization systems are in
  accord with internationally accepted standards,
  guidelines, or good practices
• For example, Classification of education is based
  on ISCED97
• Classification of educational expenditure is
  based on UIS technical guidelines and manuals as
  well as System of National Accounts (SNA)

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ISCED97 is...

• The International Standard Classification of
  EDucation
• (published in November 1997)
• A framework for compiling or reporting
  cross-nationally comparable statistics on
  education

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ISCED97 - Past, Present Future...
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Use of ISCED97
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Why is ISCED97 useful?

• It standardises statistics in order to yield data
  for quality regional international comparisons
  and policy relevant, well-informed and
  evidence-based decision-making
• The availability of standardized data facilitates
  exchange of information and knowledge

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Why is ISCED97 useful?

• ISCED97 permits
• Better informed international comparative data on
  education
• National and international policy formulation
• Monitoring the international goals (EFA, MDGs)
• International standard setting
• Comparative analysis

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How is ISCED97 constructed?

• ISCED97 classifies national PROGRAMMES of
  education by
• FIELDS of study
• and
• LEVELS of education

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How is ISCED97 constructed?

• PROGRAMME DESTINATION describes the type of
  educational or labour-market pathway to which a
  given programme is intended to lead

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How is ISCED97 constructed?

• The 9 BROAD FIELDS of study are
• 0 General programmes
• 1 Education
• 2 Humanities and arts
• 3 Social sciences, business and law
• 4 Science
• 5 Engineering, manufacturing and construction
• 6 Agriculture
• 7 Health Welfare
• 8 Services

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How is ISCED97 constructed?

• The 7 LEVELS of education are
• ISCED 0 Pre-primary
• ISCED 1 Primary
• ISCED 2 Lower secondary
• ISCED 3 Upper secondary
• ISCED 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary
• ISCED 5 First stage of tertiary education
• (not leading directly to an advanced research
  qualification)
• ISCED 6 Second stage of tertiary education
• (leading to an advanced research qualification)

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2. Morbidity Statistics

• 2.2 International Classification of Disease (ICD)
  
• 2. Aim of ICD 10

1) Systematic comparison of mortality, morbidity
data The purpose of the ICD 10 is to enable
the systematic recording, analysis,
interpretation and comparison of mortality
and morbidity data collected in different
countries or areas and at different times.

• 2) A system of categories of morbid entities
• A classification of diseases can be defined as
  a system
• of categories to which morbid entities are
  assigned
• according to established criteria.

 3) Easy storage, retrieval and analysis of data
The ICD is used also to translate diagnoses of
diseases and other health problems from words
into a code, which permits easy storage,
retrieval and analysis of data.
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Example- Morbidity Statistics- International
Classification of Disease (ICD)

• Structure of ICD 10

Code of alphanumeric number Each disease name is
coded with a alphanumeric number, such as
A00 for cholera, I21 acute myocardial
infarction
?These three digit (3-character, more precisely)
categories represent the core structure of
the classification, most of which are
subdivided further into the fourth digits
placed after a decimal point, for use in detailed
analyses. ?The 3-digit categories of the
classification consist of 21 chapters and
2,036 codes.
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Example-Morbidity Statistics- International
Classification of Disease (ICD)

• Structure of ICD 10

No specific codes beginning with the letter U
It has been recommended that codes U10-U49 be
used for the provisional assignment of new
diseases of uncertain etiology, and that
codes U50- U99 could be used in research,
e.g. when testing an alternative sub-
classification for a special project.
Inclusion terms and exclusion terms ICD 10
clarifies their contents by indicating inclusion
terms and exclusion terms. Inclusion terms
are given as examples of diagnostic
statements to be classified to the rubric.
Exclusion terms are those classified elsewhere
in spite of the impression given by the
rubric title that they were to be classified
there.
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Core Structure of ICD 10
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Example- Morbidity Statistics- ICD -10

• Example of 4th digit categories in in ICD 10

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Basis of Recording

• Recording system and Questionnaires are in
  accordance with internationally accepted
  standards, guidelines, or good practices
• For example for education statistics
• Delimitation of students, teachers and
  educational institutions is based on UIS
  technical guidelines and manuals
• Questionnaires are in accordance with UIS
  guidelines based on ISCED 97
• Data are recorded according to classification/
  sectorization systems mentioned above