Material Processing

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Material Processing

• Instructor Mr. Wolf

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Primary Processing

• Changing raw materials into standard stock
• Taken from the earth- extraction
• Grow from maturity harvested

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Secondary Processing

• Changing standard stock into useful finished
  products
• Types of standard stock (Materials)
• Metals
• Polymers
• Ceramics

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Materials are changed in shape, appearance, and
internal properties through six types of
secondary processes.

• Casting and molding
• Forming
• Separation
• Conditioning
• Assembling
• Finishing

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Casting

• Techniques to hold liquids or semi liquids
  (plastics) materials in a mold cavity. Can
  produce both simple of complex shapes.

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Forming

• Use a shaping device and pressure to cause
  material to take on a new size and shape
• Material temperature must be accounted for
• High temp forming
• Low temp forming

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Separating

• Remove excess material to produce the desired
  size, shape, feature, and surface finish
• Three common ways to machine an object
• Conventional machining
• Chip less machining- electron, chemical, or
  electrochemical
• Thermal machining- flame, laser

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Conditioning

• Designed to change the mechanical properties of
  the materials
• Process uses heat, chemical action, or mechanical
  means to change hardness, ductility, elasticity
  or other properties of the material

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Assembling

• Joining of two or more parts. May be permanent or
  temporary
• Done by bonding the material together or by the
  use of mechanical force

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Finishing

• Beauty or protect the surface of the material.
• Example Electroplating
• Painting

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Metals

• Inorganic substance
• One or more metallic elements (copper, iron,
  aluminum, zinc, ten, etc.)
• Alloy metallic elements are combined with other
  metals or nonmetallic elements (Ex. Steel is an
  alloy of iron)
• Conductors of both heat and electricity
• Characterized by a close-packed crystal structure

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Polymers

• Organic non-crystalline material
• Made of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in
  long chains
• Two types
• Natural (wood, rubber, cotton)
• Synthetic (manufactured)

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Ceramics

• Mainly inorganic nonmetallic crystalline
  compounds
• Have little or no electrical conductivity
• Melt at very high temperatures
• Hardest materials

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Mechanical Properties

• Materials ability to carry or resist the
  application of mechanical forces and loads
• Material reaction to these forces is usually
  either deformation or fracture
• This is the most important process to consider
  when forming, shearing, or machining

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Types of Forces
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Compression

• The ability to resist forces which tend to
  squeeze the material into a new shape

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Tension

• When forces are exerted that tend to pull a
  material apart

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Torsion

• The force that tries to twist material apart

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Shear

• A condition in which a material is being pushed
  in two, opposite directions forces that tend to
  cause the material to deform by on part sliding
  past an adjacent part of the material